1. Cytokine CCL5 and receptor CCR5 axis in glioblastoma multiformeMiha Koprivnikar Krajnc, Metka Novak, Richard G. Pestell, Tamara Lah Turnšek, 2019, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumour in humans with median survival from 12 to 15 months after the diagnosis. This is mostly due to therapy resistant glioblastoma stem cells in addition to intertumour heterogeneity that is due to infiltration of a plethora of host cells. Besides endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiated progenies, immune cells of various differentiation states, including monocytes, comprise resident, brain tumour microenvironment. There are compelling evidence for CCL5/CCR5 in the invasive and metastatic behaviour of many cancer types. CCR5, a G-protein coupled receptor, known to function as an essential co-receptor for HIV entry, is now known to participate in driving tumour heterogeneity, the formation of cancer stem cells and the promotion of cancer invasion and metastasis. Clinical trials have recently opened targeting CCR5 using a humanized monoclonal antibody (leronlimab) for metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) or a small molecule inhibitor (maraviroc) for metastatic colon cancer. There are important CCL5 and CCR5 structure and signalling mechanisms in glioblastoma. In addition, the CCL5/CCR5 axis directs infiltration and interactions with monocytes/macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells, comprising glioblastoma stem cell niches.
Conclusions
CCR5 is highly expressed in glioblastoma and is associated with poor prognosis of patients. CCL5/CCR5 is suggested to be an excellent new target for glioblastoma therapy. The molecular mechanisms, by which chemoattractant and receptor respond within the complex tissue microenvironment to promote cancer stem cells and tumour heterogeneity, should be considered in forthcoming studies.
Ključne besede: cytokines, CCL5-RANTES, glioblastoma, tumour microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells, signalling
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Ogledov: 141; Prenosov: 82
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2. CCR5-mediated signaling is involved in invasion of glioblastoma cells in its microenvironmentMetka Novak, Miha Koprivnikar Krajnc, Barbara Hrastar, Barbara Breznik, Bernarda Majc, Mateja Mlinar, Ana Rotter, Andrej Porčnik, Jernej Mlakar, Katja Stare, Richard G. Pestell, Tamara Lah Turnšek, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Abstract
The chemokine CCL5/RANTES is a versatile inflammatory mediator, which interacts with the receptor CCR5, promoting cancer cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Glioblastoma is a highly invasive tumor, in which CCL5 expression correlates with shorter patient survival. Using immunohistochemistry, we identified CCL5 and CCR5 in a series of glioblastoma samples and cells, including glioblastoma stem cells. CCL5 and CCR5 gene expression were significantly higher in a cohort of 38 glioblastoma samples, compared to low-grade glioma and non-cancerous tissues. The in vitro invasion of patients-derived primary glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma stem cells was dependent on CCL5-induced CCR5 signaling and is strongly inhibited by the small molecule CCR5 antagonist maraviroc. Invasion of these cells, which was enhanced when co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), was inhibited by maraviroc, suggesting that MSCs release CCR5 ligands. In support of this model, we detected CCL5 and CCR5 in MSC monocultures and glioblastoma-associated MSC in tissue sections. We also found CCR5 expressing macrophages were in close proximity to glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, autocrine and paracrine cross-talk in glioblastoma and, in particular, glioblastoma stem cells with its stromal microenvironment, involves CCR5 and CCL5, contributing to glioblastoma invasion, suggesting the CCL5/CCR5 axis as a potential therapeutic target that can be targeted with repositioned drug maraviroc.
Ključne besede: CCL5, CCR5, chemokines, glioblastoma, invasion, maraviroc, mesenchymal stem cells
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Ogledov: 174; Prenosov: 38
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3. Cytokine CCL5 and receptor CCR5 axis in glioblastoma multiformeMiha Koprivnikar Krajnc, Metka Novak, Richard G. Pestell, Tamara Lah Turnšek, 2019, pregledni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: cytokines, CCL5-RANTES, glioblastoma, tumour microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells, signalling
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.07.2024; Ogledov: 204; Prenosov: 80
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