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Povzetek: The green transition to reduce reliance on fossil fuel energy sources and minimise global warming is accelerating the need for NdFeB permanent magnet materials. Sintered NdFeB magnets cover the largest segment percentage within the permanent magnet type group, with a share of over 50%. The microstructure of NdFeB magnets includes grains of the Nd1+εFe4B4 (B-rich phase), which form grain boundaries with both the Nd-rich (Nd4Fe) and matrix (Nd2Fe14B) phases. NdFeB magnets are prone to degradation in harsh environments due to the low corrosion resistance of both iron and neodymium. Consequently, magnets require corrosion protection because their magnetic properties would be jeopardised due to the degradation caused by the corrosion process. Understanding magnets’ electrochemical and corrosion properties is crucial for developing their corrosion protection and thus prolonging their smooth operation in numerous industrial applications. This review aims to present the fundamental corrosion processes on sintered NdFeB magnets, provide an overview of the contemporary magnet production processes of NdFeB magnets and their impact on the corrosion resistance, and summarise the corrosion protection of NdFeB magnets. Prospects are presented, especially regarding the use of magnets in the transportation (hybrid and electric vehicles) industry and the development of alternative types of coatings.
Ključne besede: sintered magnets, green transition
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.07.2025; Ogledov: 540; Prenosov: 247
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Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.07.2025; Ogledov: 455; Prenosov: 285
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Povzetek: In September 2024, a specimen of Maxmuelleria gigas (M. Müller, 1852) was found during a monitoring campaign in the Bay of Koper. This record is the second one of this less known macrobenthic species in the Slovenian Sea and one among few up to date reported in the Adriatic Sea, as well. Sediment mounds observed with an underwater video sledge on muddy bottom in the southern part of the Gulf of Trieste have been related to this species. The species distribution and density (47 per 100 m2) were estimated based on the quantification of the observed sediment mounds. The potential underestimation of the density and distribution of this species in the Gulf of Trieste in the past studies is discussed in relation to sampling method.
Ključne besede: Echiura, sediment mounds, videotransects, Northern Adriatic, marine biology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.07.2025; Ogledov: 447; Prenosov: 238
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Povzetek: Trst je bil do prve svetovne vojne več kot petsto let del habsburške monarhije in pred njenim razpadom najpomembnejše pristanišče, ne nazadnje pa tudi mesto z daleč največjim številom Slovencev sploh. V njem si je slovensko meščanstvo leta 1904 postavilo svoje središče, Narodni dom, ki je v kratkem postalo osišče slovenskega družbenega življenja v mestu. Zaradi tega je bil v napoto italijanskim nacionalistom, ki so v njem videli »skrunitev« italijanskih tal, tako da so po prvi svetovni vojni, ko so mesto zasedle italijanske čete, dom napadli in ga zažgali, in sicer 13. julija 1920. Požig predstavlja enega prvih »uspehov« nastajajočega fašističnega gibanja in simbolni začetek naraščajoče protislovenske mržnje. Po sto letih se je začel formalni postopek vrnitve Narodnega doma slovenski narodni skupnosti v Trstu.
Ključne besede: Narodni dom, fašizem, nacionalizem, Trst, 20. stoletje
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.07.2025; Ogledov: 341; Prenosov: 210
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Povzetek: Freshwater ecosystems are full of underwater sounds produced by amphibians, aquatic arthropods, reptiles, plants, fishes, and methane bubbles escaping from the sediment. Although much headway has been made in recent years investigating the overall soundscapes of various freshwater ecosystems around the world, there remains a significant knowledge gap in our collective inability to accurately and reliably link recorded sounds with the species that produced them. Here, we present The Freshwater Sounds Archive, a new global initiative, which seeks to address this knowledge gap by collating species-specific freshwater sound recordings into a publicly available database. By means of metadata collection, we also present a snapshot of the species studied, the recording equipment, and recording parameters used by freshwater ecoacousticians globally. In total, 61 entries were submitted to the archive between the 4th of March 2023 and the 30th of April 2025, representing 16 countries and 6 continents. The most numerous taxonomic group was arthropods (29 entries), followed by fishes (14 entries), amphibians (10 entries), macrophytes (7 entries), and a freshwater mollusk (1 entry). The majority of the submissions were from European countries (27 entries), of which the United Kingdom was the most represented with 14 entries. The next most represented region was North America (11 entries), followed by South America (8 entries), Oceania and Asia (5 entries each), Africa (3 entries), and the Middle East and Central America with 1 entry each. The global south, polar regions, and areas with an elevation >500 m (asl) were underrepresented. The field of freshwater ecoacoustics to date has largely focused on the analysis of ‘sound types’ due to a current lack of knowledge of species-specific sounds. The Freshwater Sounds Archive presents an opportunity to move beyond the ‘sound type’ approach, and towards an approach with higher taxonomic resolution, ultimately resulting in species-specific descriptions. Furthermore, The Freshwater Sounds Archive will provide freshwater ecoacousticians with one of the main tools required to start creating annotated training datasets for machine learning models from soundscape recordings by referring to known species sounds present in the archive. In the long-term, this will result in the automatic detection and classification of species-specific freshwater sounds from soundscape recordings, such as indicator, invasive, and endangered species.
Ključne besede: freshwater ecoacoustics, biological archive, biomonitoring, passive acoustic monitoring
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.07.2025; Ogledov: 467; Prenosov: 283
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