501. Life cycle assessment of metal alloys for structural applicationsKatja Malovrh Rebec, Boštjan Markoli, Blaž Leskovar, 2018, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci (vabljeno predavanje) Povzetek: The study compared environmental footprints of two types of Al-alloys: well-known 5083 aluminium alloy with magnesium and traces of manganese and chromium in its composition. This material is highly resistant to seawater corrosion and the influence of industrial chemicals. Furthermore, it retains exceptional strength after welding. The comparisons were made to an innovative alloy where the aluminium based matrix is reinforced by metastable quasicrystals (QC), thus avoiding magnesium in its composition. Furthermore, we checked other aluminium ingots' footprints and compared European average and Germany country specific production data. Environmental footprints were assessed via cradle to gate life cycle assessment. Our findings normalized to 1 m2 plate suggest, that newly proposed alloy could save around 50 % in value of parameters abiotic resources depletion of fossil fuels, acidification, eutrophication, global warming potential and photochemical ozone creation potential if we compare Qc5 to 6 mm 5083 alloy plate. Only abiotic resources depletion of elements and ozone depletion parameters increase for Qc5 compared to 6 mm 5083 alloy plate.
Ključne besede: environmental footprints, LCA, Al-alloys
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.04.2024; Ogledov: 196; Prenosov: 99
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502. Improving uncertainty of strain gauge bridge standardsMiha Hiti, 2018, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: The article proposes a procedure for calibration of strain gauge bridge standards with improved relative calibration uncertainty. In contrast to a typical calibration with voltage ratio standards or comparison calibration with other bridge standards, the proposed procedure uses a calibrated reference bridge amplifier, additionally evaluated using combinatorial calibration technique to improve its calibration uncertainty. The resulting uncertainty of ratio steps referenced to zero ratio step is lower than the traditional uncertainty achieved through direct independent traceability to mVV−1 ratio values. The proposed procedure enables direct application of the calibrated bridge standard values with low relative uncertainty for calibration of bridge amplifiers, without the need for additional combinatorial evaluation of each individual bridge amplifier.
Ključne besede: voltage ratio, linearity check, bridge standard, calibration
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.04.2024; Ogledov: 160; Prenosov: 85
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508. The effect of heat treatment on the interface of 155 PH martensitic stainless steel and SAF 2507 duplex steel in functionally graded AM componentsMartina Koukolíková, Pavel Podaný, Sylwia Rzepa, Michal Brázda, Aleksandra Kocijan, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Multi-material components, also known as functionally graded materials (FGMs), are innovative materials that possess unique properties due to their composition and have many potential applications in engineering and science. The effect of the heat treatment (HT) of functionally graded materials 15–5 precipitation-hardened (PH) martensitic steel and SAF 2507 duplex stainless steel (and the opposite order of deposition, i.e. SAF 2507 first followed by 15–5 PH stainless steel) on the interface microstructures was systematically investigated in the presented research. The choice of HT followed the trend of optimum post-processing for the individual alloys. A significant modification in the interface microstructure, characterized in the microstructural transition zone (MTZ) formed above the fusion line. Mechanical properties by miniaturized testing method including hardness measurement characterized both types of interfaces. The sequence of the materials’ application did not have a significant effect on their final mechanical tensile properties in the heat-treated states. Nevertheless, the microstructural change at the MTZ led to drop in the hardness at the interface. The research presents heat-treated FGMs in a horizontal configuration to form a high-quality metallurgical joint between heterogeneous materials manufactured by powder-based directed energy deposition method.
Ključne besede: heat treatment, additive manufacturing, martensitic stainless steel, duplex steel, microstructure, mechanical properties
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.04.2024; Ogledov: 229; Prenosov: 47
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510. Additive manufacturing multi-material components of SAF 2507 duplex steel and 15-5 PH martensitic stainless steelMartina Koukolíková, Pavel Podaný, Sylwia Rzepa, Michal Brázda, Aleksandra Kocijan, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The study reports the successful deposition of 15–5 precipitation-hardened (PH) martensitic steel on SAF 2507 duplex stainless steel (and vice versa) to form functionally graded materials (FGMs) using powder-based, directed-energy-deposition (DED) technology. The evolution of the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the 15–5 PH/SAF 2507 functionally graded material in the as-built state were investigated systematically. The results proved that the microstructural transition zone (MTZ) is formed above the fusion line due to the dilution effect of both steels. The phase composition of the MTZ consists of ferrite and, in comparison to the base materials, an increased amount of austenite. The interface has the lowest hardness owing to the formation of a significant proportion of the austenitic phase. However, the tensile mechanical properties were not affected by the interface as failure occurred in both SAF 2507 and at the interface regions. The research presents a promising application of FGMs in a horizontal configuration to form a high - quality, metallurgical joint between heterogeneous materials. This study introduces a novel approach by additive manufacturing (AM) of heterogeneous multi-materials, merging the favorable properties of duplex SAF 2507 and martensitic 15-5 PH stainless steels through superior metallurgical bonding. The combination of SAF 2507 and 15-5 PH in a functionally graded material has not been previously explored, as the existing studies deal with the duplex stainless steels SAF 2507 and either martensitic stainless-steel 15-5 PH deposited separately by laser powder-bed-fusion (L-PBF) or DED methods. This research pioneers the investigation of these materials in tandem, paving the way for the development of novel FGMs with optimized properties for specific applications. The resulting FGM exhibits exceptional corrosion resistance and high strength, making it highly versatile for applications in diverse industries such as offshore oil and gas production, aerospace, aviation, and chemical processing equipment.
Ključne besede: directed energy deposition, functionally graded materials, miniaturized specimen testing methods, SAF 2507, 15-5 PH
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.04.2024; Ogledov: 209; Prenosov: 75
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