671. Common gene expression patterns in environmental model organisms exposed to engineered nanomaterials : a meta-analysisMichael Burkard, Alexander Betz, Kristin Schirmer, Anže Županič, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The use of omics is gaining importance in the field of nanoecotoxicology; an increasing number of studies are aiming to investigate the effects and modes of action of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in this way. However, a systematic synthesis of the outcome of such studies regarding common responses and toxicity pathways is currently lacking. We developed an R-scripted computational pipeline to perform reanalysis and functional analysis of relevant transcriptomic data sets using a common approach, independent from the ENM type, and across different organisms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Danio rerio. Using the pipeline that can semiautomatically process data from different microarray technologies, we were able to determine the most common molecular mechanisms of nanotoxicity across extremely variable data sets. As expected, we found known mechanisms, such as interference with energy generation, oxidative stress, disruption of DNA synthesis, and activation of DNA-repair but also discovered that some less-described molecular responses to ENMs, such as DNA/RNA methylation, protein folding, and interference with neurological functions, are present across the different studies. Results were visualized in radar charts to assess toxicological response patterns allowing the comparison of different organisms and ENM types. This can be helpful to retrieve ENM-related hazard information and thus fill knowledge gaps in a comprehensive way in regard to the molecular underpinnings and mechanistic understanding of nanotoxicity. Ključne besede: gene expression, nanomaterials Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 128; Prenosov: 146
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672. Exploring the impacts of plastics in soil : the effects of polyester textile fibers on soil invertebratesSalla Selonen, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Tina Skalar, Lidia Parramon Dolcet, Rachel Hurley, Cornelis A. M. van Gestel, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Polyester fiber is one of the most abundant types of microplastics in the environment. A major proportion of the fibers entering wastewater treatment plants end up in sewage sludge, which is used as a soil fertilizer in many countries. As their impacts in the terrestrial environment are still poorly understood, we studied the effects of polyester fibers on enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus), springtails (Folsomia candida), isopods (Porcellio scaber) and oribatid mites (Oppia nitens), all playing an important role in soil decomposer food webs. We exposed these invertebrates in the laboratory to short (12 µm–2.87 mm) and long (4–24 mm) polyester fibers, spiked in soil or in food at five concentrations ranging from 0.02% to 1.5% (w/w) and using five replicates. Overall the effects of polyester fibers on the soil invertebrates were slight. Energy reserves of the isopods were slightly affected by both fiber types, and enchytraeid reproduction decreased up to 30% with increasing fiber concentration, but only for long fibers in soil. The low ingestion of long fibers by the enchytraeids suggests that this negative impact arose from a physical harm outside the organism, or from indirect effects resulting from changes in environmental conditions. The short fibers were clearly ingested by enchytraeids and isopods, with the rate of ingestion positively related to fiber concentration in the soil. This study shows that polyester fibers are not very harmful to soil invertebrates upon short-term exposure. However, longer lasting, multigeneration studies with functional endpoints are needed to reveal the possible long-term effects on soil invertebrates and their role in the decomposition process. This study also shows that polyester fibers can enter terrestrial food web via ingestion of fibers by soil invertebrates. Ključne besede: microplastic, polyester fibres, soil ecotoxicology, Enchytraeid, springtail, isopod Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 166; Prenosov: 109
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673. The role of polymorpisms in glutathione-related genes in asbestos-related diseasesAlenka Franko, Katja Goričar, Metoda Dodič-Fikfak, Viljem Kovač, Vita Dolžan, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The study investigated the influence of GCLC, GCLM, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms, as well as the influence of interactions between polymorphism and interactions between polymorphisms and asbestos exposure, on the risk of developing pleural plaques, asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma (MM). Subjects and methods. The cross sectional study included 940 asbestos-exposed subjects, among them 390 subjects with pleural plaques, 147 subjects with asbestosis, 225 subjects with MM and 178 subjects with no asbestos-related disease. GCLC rs17883901, GCLM rs41303970, GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, GSTP1 rs1695 and GSTP1 rs1138272 genotypes were determined using PCR based methods. In statistical analysis, logistic regression was used. Results. GSTT1 null genotype was associated with the decreased risk for pleural plaques (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.40% 0.98; p = 0.026) and asbestosis (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.28%0.93; p = 0.028), but not for MM. A positive association was found between GSTP1 rs1695 AG + GG vs. AA genotypes for MM when compared to pleural plaques (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.00%1.94; p = 0.049). The interactions between different polymorphisms showed no significant influence on the risk of investigated asbestos-related diseases. The interaction between GSTT1 null polymorphism and asbestos exposure decreased the MM risk (OR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.03%0.85; p = 0.031). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that GSTT1 null genotype may be associated with a decreased risk for pleural plaques and asbestosis, may modify the association between asbestos exposure and MM and may consequently act protectively on MM risk. This study also revealed a protective effect of the interaction between GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism and asbestos exposure on MM risk. Ključne besede: polymorphisms, glutathione-related genes, asbestos, malignant mesothelioma Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 164; Prenosov: 46
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674. Ecological patterns of polychaete assemblages associated with the Mediterranean stony coral Cladocora caespitosa (Linnaeus, 1767) : a comparison of sites in two biogeographic zones (Adriatic and Aegean Sea)Valentina Pitacco, Giorgos Chatzigeorgiou, Barbara Mikac, Lovrenc Lipej, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The Mediterranean stony coral Cladocora caespitosa (Linnaeus, 1767) is a well-known habitat builder, and as such hosts a diversified faunal assemblage. Although polychaetes are one of the most abundant and diverse macrobenthic groups associated with C. caespitosa colonies, our knowledge of their ecological features in this association is still limited. The aim of this paper was to gather and compare the most comprehensive data available on polychaetes associated with C. caespitosa in the Adriatic and the Aegean Seas, and to test for differences between these geographic areas. To this end, differences were tested in terms of: (i) richness and structure of polychaete assemblages; (ii) feeding and functional traits of assemblages; (iii) the main factors influencing those aspects, (iv) the relationship between polychaete assemblages richness and Cladocora colony size, and estimate richness. Differences were observed between the Adriatic and the Aegean Seas, in terms of richness, species composition and relative proportion of the dominant feeding guild (filter feeders most abundant in the Aegean and carnivores in the Adriatic) and motility mode (sessile most abundant in the Aegean and motile in the Adriatic). Conversely, cosmopolitan and Atlanto-Mediterranean species dominated the assemblages in both geographic areas, and the same Species-Area Relation model proved to be effective for richness estimation in both geographic areas. Ključne besede: benthic ecology, habitat builder species, polychaeta, Mediterranean Sea Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 141; Prenosov: 57
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675. Stratification strength and light climate explain variation in chlorophyll a at the continental scale in a European multilake survey in a heatwave summerDaphne Donis, Evanthia Mantzouki, Daniel F. McGinnis, Dominic Vachon, Irene Gallego, Hans-Peter Grossart, Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis, Sven Teurlincx, Laura Seelen, Miquel Lürling, Špela Remec-Rekar, Tina Eleršek, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phos-phorus [TP]=0.06 and total nitrogen [TN]=0.7 mg L1), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chloro-phylla(Chla) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chlathan Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long-term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4C) and showed a signifi-cant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshotof phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are bothaffected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient-rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature. Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 131; Prenosov: 128
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676. A phase Ib clinical trial of metformin and chloroquine in patients with IDH1-mutated solid tumorsMohammed Khurshed, Remco J. Molenaar, Myra E van Linde, Ron A Mathôt, Eduard A. Struys, Tom van Wezel, Cornelis J. F. van Noorden, Heinz-Josef Klümpen, Judith V. M. G. Bovée, Johanna W Wilmink, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) occur in 60% of chondrosarcoma, 80% of WHO grade II-IV glioma and 20% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. These solid IDH1-mutated tumors produce the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) and are more vulnerable to disruption of their metabolism. Methods: Patients with IDH1-mutated chondrosarcoma, glioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma received oral combinational treatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin and the antimalarial drug chloroquine. The primary objective was to determine the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Radiological and biochemical tumor responses to metformin and chloroquine were investigated using CT/MRI scans and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements of D-2HG levels in serum. Results: Seventeen patients received study treatment for a median duration of 43 days (range: 7–74 days). Of twelve evaluable patients, 10 patients discontinued study medication because of progressive disease and two patients due to toxicity. None of the patients experienced a DLT. The MTD was determined to be 1500 mg of metformin two times a day and 200 mg of chloroquine once a day. A serum D/L-2HG ratio of ≥4.5 predicted the presence of an IDH1 mutation with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%. By utilization of digital droplet PCR on plasma samples, we were able to detect tumor-specific IDH1 hotspot mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in investigated patients. Conclusion: Treatment of advanced IDH1-mutated solid tumors with metformin and chloroquine was well tolerated but did not induce a clinical response in this phase Ib clinical trial. Ključne besede: metformin, chloroquine, cancer, isocitrate dehydrogenase, pharmacokinetics, glioblastoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 151; Prenosov: 125
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677. Plastic-degrading potential across the global microbiome correlates with recent pollution trendsJan Zrimec, Mariia Kokina, Sara Jonasson, Aleksej Zelezniak, Francisco Zorrilla, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Biodegradation is a plausible route toward sustainable management of the millions of tons of plastic waste that have accumulated in terrestrial and marine environments. However, the global diversity of plastic-degrading enzymes remains poorly understood. Taking advantage of global environmental DNA sampling projects, here we constructed hidden Markov models from experimentally verified enzymes and mined ocean and soil metagenomes to assess the global potential of microorganisms to degrade plastics. By controlling for false positives using gut microbiome data, we compiled a catalogue of over 30,000 nonredundant enzyme homologues with the potential to degrade 10 different plastic types. While differences between the ocean and soil microbiomes likely reflect the base compositions of these environments, we find that ocean enzyme abundance increases with depth as a response to plastic pollution and not merely taxonomic composition. By obtaining further pollution measurements, we observed that the abundance of the uncovered enzymes in both ocean and soil habitats significantly correlates with marine and country-specific plastic pollution trends. Our study thus uncovers the earth microbiome's potential to degrade plastics, providing evidence of a measurable effect of plastic pollution on the global microbial ecology as well as a useful resource for further applied research. Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 147; Prenosov: 130
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678. On-farm experiences shape farmer knowledge, perceptions of pollinators, and management practicesJulia Osterman, Patricia Landaverde-González, Michael P. D. Garratt, Megan Gee, Yael Mandelik, Aleksandra Langowska, Marcos Miñarro, Lorna J. Cole, Maxime Eeraerts, Danilo Bevk, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Mitigating pollinator declines in agriculturally dominated landscapes to safeguard pollination services requires the involvement of farmers and their willingness to adopt pollinator-friendly management. However, farmer knowledge, perceptions, and actions to support on-farm pollinators and their alignment with science-based knowledge and recommendations are rarely evaluated. To close this knowledge gap, we interviewed 560 farmers from 11 countries around the world, cultivating at least one of four widely grown pollinator-dependent crops (apple, avocado, kiwifruit, oilseed rape). We particularly focused on non-bee crop pollinators which, despite being important pollinators of many crops, received less research attention than bees. We found that farmers perceived bees to be more important pollinators than other flower-visiting insects. However, around 75% of the farmers acknowledged that non-bees contributed to the pollination of their crops, seeing them as additional pollinators rather than substitutes for bees. Despite farmers rating their own observations as being most important in how they perceived the contribution of different crop pollinator taxa, their perception aligned closely with results from available scientific studies across crops and countries. Farmer perceptions were also linked with their pollinator management practices, e.g. farmers who used managed bees for crop pollination services (more than half the farmers) rated these managed bees as particularly important. Interestingly, their willingness to establish wildflower strips or manage hedgerows to enhance pollinator visitation was linked to their ecological knowledge of non-bees or to government subsidies. Farmers adapted practices to enhance pollination services depending on the crop, which indicates an understanding of differences in the pollination ecology of crops. Almost half of the farmers had changed on-farm pollination management in the past 10 years and farm practices differed greatly between countries. This suggests integrated crop pollination measures are being adapted by farmers to reach best pollinator management practices. Our findings highlight the importance of studying local knowledge as a key to co-design locally-adapted measures to facilitate pollinator-integrated food production as ecological intensification tools. Ključne besede: conservation, crop pollination, ecological intensification, farmer knowledge, local knowledge, survey Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 153; Prenosov: 134
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679. Biogeography of Long-Jawed Spiders Reveals Multiple Colonization of the CaribbeanKlemen Čandek, Ingi Agnarsson, Greta Binford, Matjaž Kuntner, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Dispersal ability can affect levels of gene flow thereby shaping species distributions and richness patterns. The intermediate dispersal model of biogeography (IDM) predicts that in island systems, species diversity of those lineages with an intermediate dispersal potential is the highest. Here, we tested this prediction on long-jawed spiders (Tetragnatha) of the Caribbean archipelago using phylogenies from a total of 318 individuals delineated into 54 putative species. Our results support a Tetragnatha monophyly (within our sampling) but reject the monophyly of the Caribbean lineages, where we found low endemism yet high diversity. The reconstructed biogeographic history detects a potential early overwater colonization of the Caribbean, refuting an ancient vicariant origin of the Caribbean Tetragnatha as well as the GAARlandia land-bridge scenario. Instead, the results imply multiple colonization events to and from the Caribbean from the mid-Eocene to late-Miocene. Among arachnids, Tetragnatha uniquely comprises both excellently and poorly dispersing species. A direct test of the IDM would require consideration of three categories of dispersers; however, long-jawed spiders do not fit one of these three a priori definitions, but rather represent a more complex combination of attributes. A taxon such as Tetragnatha, one that readily undergoes evolutionary changes in dispersal propensity, can be referred to as a ‘dynamic disperser’. Ključne besede: Tetragnatha, dynamic disperser, intermediate dispersal model of biogeography, GAARlandia Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 145; Prenosov: 34
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680. Hay meadow vibroscape and interactions within insect vibrational communityRok Šturm, Behare Rexhepi, Juan José López Díez, Andrej Blejec, Jernej Polajnar, Jérôme Sueur, Meta Virant-Doberlet, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Our experiences shape our knowledge and understanding of the world around us. The natural vibrational environment (vibroscape) is hidden to human senses but is nevertheless perceived and exploited by the majority of animals. Here, we show that the vibroscape recorded on plants in a temperate hay meadow is a dynamic low-frequency world, rich in species-specific vibrational signals. The overall vibroscape composition changed throughout the season and also depended on the plant species, as well as on the spatial position of individual plants within the meadow. Within the studied community, vibrationally signaling species sharing this communication channel avoided interference primarily by partitioning vibrational space on a fine temporal scale. The vibroscape is a reliable source of information in the environment and expands our understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes. Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 186; Prenosov: 171
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