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Povzetek: Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) testing is routinely performed by most armed and tactical forces around the world as part of their recruitment process for new members or simply as an annual examination of their personnel. A 2-mile run (2MR) test is among the most commonly used. However, as it is performed outdoors, weather, climate, and terrain can influence the results and often limit the maximum performance. Also, this test has been shown to be difficult for individuals because the pacing strategy is self-paced. As such, it does not reflect the real situation on the battlefield, where most activities are externally driven by the environment and the enemy. Therefore, we believe that the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT) may be a suitable tool for measuring CRF and battle readiness of military personnel. Moreover, given the importance of visual attention to military personnel we aim to investigate the differences in visual attention between better and less physically prepared infantry members and its corresponding response to maximal endurance running test. Methods and analysis: This randomized cross-over study using a within-subjects test-retest design will enroll 32 infantry members of the Slovenian Armed Forces. To investigate the reliability and validity of the 30-15IFT test, an incremental treadmill test (TR), a 2MR test, and two identical 30-15IFT will be performed in randomized order. Additionally, participants will be subsequently divided into two groups based on their score on the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), whereas differences in visual attention will be assessed by using the d2 test. The primary analysis will assess differences in key physiological outcomes between the different CRF tests (TR vs. 2MR vs. 30-15IFT). In addition, the relative reliability of all dependent variables between two 30-15IFT trials will be estimated by interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), while relationship between maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate and maximal running speed of 30-15IFT, TR and 2MR will be assessed using Pearson’s correlation.
Ključne besede: Slovenian armed forces, running endurance, visual attention, cardiorespiratory fitness assessment, intermittent fitness tests, reliability, validation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.07.2022; Ogledov: 672; Prenosov: 380
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Povzetek: Timber harvesting constitutes extensive anthropogenic disturbance in temperate forests, producing a broad range of ecological impacts that most often enhance the demographic processes of vegetation. This study monitored post-harvest herb layer demography over a 6-year period in mesic Dinaric fir-beech forests (Slovenia), a vascular plant diversity hotspot among European forests. Three experimental harvesting intensities, i.e. full harvest (FH), partial harvest (PH) and a control treatment (NH), were each applied over a circular area of 4000 m2 and replicated three times at each of three study sites. Vegetation sampling was conducted before harvesting (in 2012), and two (2014) and six (2018) years following it, in a 400 m2 circular plot positioned in the centre of each treatment area. We focused on identifying general demographic patterns and evaluating the effects of various pre-disturbance abiotic and biotic predictors on compositional responses to disturbance. Two years after harvest (2012-2014), compositional shifts were larger than those in the next 4-year period (2014-2018), confirming the general theoretical prediction that species turnover rate decreases along a successional gradient. The degree of compositional shifts in gaps (FH) and thinned stands (PH) was affected by local abiotic factors (geomorphology of karst sinkholes) and community attributes, such as pre-harvest species richness. Our results indicate that compositional stability is positively associated with pre-disturbance species richness. Over the whole study period, increases in plot-level species richness (alpha diversity) and overall enrichment of the species pool (gamma diversity) were accompanied by compositional convergence, i.e. a decline in floristic dissimilarity (beta diversity) between and within study sites. However, the observed tendency towards homogenization was rather weak and would have been even more pronounced if the demographic type of persistent resident species had not shown a high degree of resistance, thus leaving a strong imprint on post-harvest vegetation development by preserving the forest characteristics of the herb layer community.
Ključne besede: forest succession, demographic types, community assembly, pre-disturbance factors, floristic convergence, fir-beech forests
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.07.2022; Ogledov: 525; Prenosov: 318
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Povzetek: V razpravi predstavljamo nov predlog ocene pestrostne funkcije gozdnih zaplat v kmetijski krajini. V raziskavi smo podrobno ocenili prisotnost odmrle lesne biomase v gozdni zaplati pri Nadgorici. Povprečna vrednost odmrle lesne biomase, izračunana iz 57 vzorčnih ploskev, je znašala 11,83 m3 /ha. Od šestih ploskev (torej nekako 10 % od vseh ploskev) izkazuje lesno zalogo odmrle lesne biomase več kot 25 m3 /ha, torej količino, ki v literaturi velja kot primer poudarjene pestrostne funkcije. Ugotovitve naše raziskave smo povezali še z ugotovitvami naših predhodnih raziskav in literature. Na podlagi vsega navedenega smo oblikovali predlog, da bi poudarjeno pestrostno funkcijo v kmetijski krajini imele zaplate z dovolj veliko količino odmrle lesne biomase (≥ 20 m3 /ha) z vsaj 200 ha velikim jedrom notranjega okolja in prostorskim razporedom, ki vzdržuje manj kot 2 km medsebojno oddaljenost med gozdnimi zaplatami oziroma okoliško gozdno matico.
Ključne besede: monitoring, odmrla biomasa, pestrostna funkcija gozda, povezljivost gozdnih zaplat, jedra notranjega okolja, Nadgorica
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.07.2022; Ogledov: 767; Prenosov: 222
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Ključne besede: tantalum cathode, ionization gauge, extractor gauge, memory effect, outgassing
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.06.2022; Ogledov: 475; Prenosov: 161
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Ključne besede: Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts, zeolite, Ni XANES, EXAFS
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.06.2022; Ogledov: 857; Prenosov: 429
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