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Povzetek: Planetary extinction of biodiversity underscores the need for taxonomy. Here, we scrutinizespider taxonomy over the last decade (2008–2018), compiling 2083 published accounts of newlydescribed species. We evaluated what type of data were used to delineate species, whether data weremade freely available, whether an explicit species hypothesis was stated, what types of media wereused, the sample sizes, and the degree to which species constructs were integrative. The findings wereport reveal that taxonomy remains largely descriptive, not integrative, and provides no explicitconceptual framework. Less than 4% of accounts explicitly stated a species concept and over one-thirdof all new species described were based on 1–2 specimens or only one sex. Only ~5% of studies madedata freely available, and only ~14% of all newly described species employed more than one line ofevidence, with molecular data used in ~6% of the studies. These same trends have been discovered inother animal groups, and therefore we find it logical that taxonomists face an uphill challenge whenjustifying the scientific rigor of their field and securing the needed resources. To move taxonomyforward, we make recommendations that, if implemented, will enhance its rigor, repeatability, andscientific standards.
Ključne besede: taxonomy, taxonomic crisis, species concepts, data management, monographic research
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.07.2024; Ogledov: 17; Prenosov: 2
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Povzetek: Considering the role of phytoplankton in the functioning and health of marine systems, it is important to characterize its responses to a changing environment. The central Adriatic Sea, as a generally oligotrophic area, is a suitable environment to distinguish between regular fluctuations in phytoplankton and those caused by anthropogenic or climatic influences. This study provides a long-term perspective of phytoplankton assemblage in the central eastern Adriatic Sea, with 14 years of continuous time series data collected at two coastal and two offshore stations. The predominant phytoplankton groups were diatoms and phytoflagellates, but their proportion varied depending on the vicinity of the coast, as evidenced also by the distribution of chlorophyll a. In the coastal environment, the phytoplankton biomass was substantially higher, with a higher proportion of microphytoplankton, while small phytoplankton accounted for the majority of biomass in the offshore area. In addition, a decreasing trend in diatom abundance was observed in the coastal waters, while such trend was not so evident in the offshore area. Using a neural gas algorithm, five clusters were defined based on the contribution of the major groups. The observed increase in diversity, especially in dinoflagellates, which outnumber diatom taxa, could be a possible adaptation of dinoflagellates to the increased natural solar radiation in summer and the increased sea surface temperature.
Ključne besede: phytoplankton community, long-term data, diversity, chlorophyll a, neural gas analysis, solar radiation, Adriatic Sea
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.07.2024; Ogledov: 64; Prenosov: 30
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Povzetek: Background Among the diseases of oral mucosa, malignant tumors are the most dangerous, but not the most common lesions that might appear in the oral cavity. Since most of the studies are focused on the detection of cancer in the oral cavity, we were interested in detecting the frequency of benign changes of the oral mucosa in Slovene population. Oral mucosal lesions are important pointer of oral health and quality of life, especially in elderly. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, together with information on the risk habits associated with oral health, such as tobacco and alcohol use, can help in planning future oral health studies and screening programs. Patients and methods Survey upon oral mucosal lesions was conducted during the national project for oral cancer screening in spring 2017 in the Slovenia in which more than 50% of dentists participated and 2395 patients (904 men and 1491 women) were included. Results Clinical examination, which was conducted according to the WHO standards revealed that 645 patients (27%) had oral mucosal lesions. The ten most common oral lesions detected were fibroma, gingivitis, Fordyce spots, white coated tongue, cheek biting, linea alba, denture stomatitis, geographic tongue, recurrent aphthous ulcerations and lichen planus. Conclusions Overall, these epidemiological data suggest need for specific health policies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal lesions.
Ključne besede: oral mucosa lesions, epidemiological data, malignant tumors
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.07.2024; Ogledov: 122; Prenosov: 57
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Povzetek: EGFR exon 20 (EGFR Ex20) insertion mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are insensitive to traditional EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Mobocertinib is the only approved TKI specifically designed to target EGFR Ex20. We performed an international, real-world safety and efficacy analysis on patients with EGFR Ex20-positive NSCLC enrolled in a mobocertinib early access program. We explored the mechanisms of resistance by analyzing postprogression biopsies, as well as cross-resistance to amivantamab. Data from 86 patients with a median age of 67 years and a median of two prior lines of treatment were analyzed. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 95% of patients. Grade ≥3 TRAEs were reported in 38% of patients and included diarrhea (22%) and rash (8%). In 17% of patients, therapy was permanently discontinued, and two patients died due to TRAEs. Women were seven times more likely to discontinue treatment than men. In the overall cohort, the objective response rate to mobocertinib was 34% (95% CI, 24–45). The response rate in treatment-naïve patients was 27% (95% CI, 8–58). The median progression-free and overall survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3.5–6.5) and 12 months (95% CI, 6.8–17.2), respectively. The intracranial response rate was limited (13%), and one-third of disease progression cases involved the brain. Mobocertinib also showed antitumor activity following EGFR Ex20-specific therapy and vice versa. Potential mechanisms of resistance to mobocertinib included amplifications in MET, PIK3CA, and NRAS. Mobocertinib demonstrated meaningful efficacy in a real-world setting but was associated with considerable gastrointestinal and cutaneous toxicity.
Ključne besede: medicina, non-small cell lung cancer, EGFR exon 20 inhibitors, mobocertinib, real-world data, exon 20 insertion
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.06.2024; Ogledov: 103; Prenosov: 64
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Povzetek: Despite numerous attempts to integrate dream research into a vast array of sci-entific disciplines, there appears to be no consensus on why and how we dream. This millennia-old universal human phenomenon appears to be too elusive to be thoroughly understood by a single scientific discipline and too complex and data--rich to be studied only theoretically. However, another dimension to dreams and dreaming could promise an integrative approach: the culture-historical compo-nent that merges with recent advances in artificial Intelligence. This paper briefly examines conceptual understandings of dreams before the dawn of modern science – specifically, the Native american, Mesopotamian, ancient Greek, and Hippocra-tic principles of dream practices and knowledge – in an attempt to understand the contemporary dream research field better and to outline future avenues for a data-driven approach while remaining grounded in its epistemological foundation.
Ključne besede: ancient dreaming, archetypes, artificial intelligence, dream data, cross-cultural dream analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.05.2024; Ogledov: 169; Prenosov: 132
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