1. Detection of the endangered stone crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803) and its congeneric A. pallipes in its last italian biotope by eDNA analysisChiara Manfrin, Massimo Zanetti, David Stanković, Umberto Fattori, Victoria Bertucci-Maresca, Piero G. Giulianini, Alberto Pallavicini, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The stone crayfish, Austropotamobius torrentium, is a European freshwater crayfish. Although this species is relatively widespread throughout the continent, it is undergoing significant declines throughout its range. However, as the decline rates have not been quantified in detail, this species is classified as data deficient by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The present study describes the development and validation of two species-specific assays based on hydrolysis probe chemistry for the detection of A. torrentium and A. pallipes environmental DNA (eDNA) in water samples collected in the Julian Alps of Italy (Friuli Venezia Giulia). The eDNA-based method was applied to 14 sites within the Danubian Slizza basin, known to be inhabited by A. torrentium, but with insufficient information on their distribution. In addition, one station in the Tagliamento River basin was sampled to test the performance of the A. pallipes probe. The presence of A. torrentium is confirmed at 6 out of 15 sites. At four of these sites, A. torrentium is detected for the first time. In contrast, the presence of A. torrentium was not detected at two sites already known to harbour the species. Finally, the presence of A. pallipes was confirmed in the station belonging to the Tagliamento basin. The methodology described, which allows the distinction between the two species, paves the way for the parallel detection of the stone crayfish and the white-clawed crayfish (A. pallipes) through eDNA analysis. Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.07.2024; Ogledov: 138; Prenosov: 85
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2. Contribution to the knowledge of Gongolaria barbata (Sargassaceae, Fucales) from the Mediterranean : insights into infraspecific diversityAnnalisa Falace, Chiara Manfrin, Giovanni Furnari, Sara D’Ambros Burchio, Alberto Pallavicini, Emmanuelle Patricia Descourvières, Sara Kaleb, Ana Lokovšek, Daniele Grech, Giuseppina Alongi, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Gongolaria barbata (Sargassaceae, Fucales) is a widespread species for which several infraspecific taxa have been described, indicating its polymorphism. This study contributes to the understanding of the molecular, nomenclatural, morphological and ecological aspects of G. barbata in the Mediterranean and sheds light on the infraspecific diversity and its implications for the taxonomy of this species. Molecular analyses were performed using sequencing of the mitochondrial cox1 gene on both haptophytic and pleustophytic forms from different sites in the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas. Vegetative and reproductive morphology was studied on thalli samples from the Adriatic. Our results showed that there are different morphotypes within G. barbata populations related to specific environmental conditions, suggesting infraspecific variation. In contrast, molecular analyses showed no differences between samples, regardless of whether individuals are growing “attached” to a substrate or “unattached”. We also discussed the taxonomic status and nomenclatural issues related to certain infraspecific taxa previously proposed for G. barbata. In particular, the confusion surrounding Cystoseira aurantia is clarified. Ključne besede: ecotypes, taxonomy, Northern Adriatic, Cystoseira s.l. Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.05.2024; Ogledov: 260; Prenosov: 118
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3. Metabolic consequences of anabolic steroids, insulin, and growth hormone abuse in recreational bodybuilders : implications for the world anti-doping agency passportFilippo Giorgio Di Girolamo, Chiara Biasinutto, Alessandro Mangogna, Nicola Fiotti, Pierandrea Vinci, Rado Pišot, Filippo Mearelli, Boštjan Šimunič, Chiara Roni, Gianni Biolo, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background Hormonal doping in recreational sports is a public-health concern. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) promoted the creation of the Athlete Biological Passport, aiming to monitor athlete’s biological variables over time to facilitate indirect detection of doping. Detection tests for anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and growth hormone (GH) are available while insulin abuse cannot be revealed. We have determined in recreational bodybuilders the metabolic effects associated with different patterns of hormone abuse. All analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.0 software (SPSS Chicago, IL). Results We have assessed plasma concentrations of selected metabolic markers and fatty acid content in erythrocyte membranes of 92 male bodybuilders and in 45 healthy controls. Hormonal abuse was identified by anonymous questionnaires. 43% (%) of recruited bodybuilders regularly abused hormones, i.e., anabolic androgenic steroids (95%) often associated with GH (30%) and/or insulin (38%). HDL-cholesterol was lower in insulin and/or GH abusers. Alanine (ALT) and aspartic (AST) transaminases were greater in hormone abusing bodybuilders than in non-doping bodybuilders and controls. Insulin doping was selectively associated with increased plasma ALT-to-AST ratio. In erythrocyte membranes, elongase activity (i.e., stearic-to-palmitic ratio) was lower in insulin and/or growth hormone doping, whereas increased Δ-9 desaturase activity (i.e., palmitoleic-to-palmitic ratio) was selectively associated with insulin doping. Conclusions In conclusion, our study demonstrates that insulin and GH abuse are characterized by multiple alterations of specific metabolic markers. Although further studies are needed to test whether longitudinal monitoring of selected metabolic marker such as muscle contraction time, HDL levels, ALT-AST ratio as well as the activities of selected enzymes (e.g. Δ-9 desaturase and elongase), could contribute to the detection of insulin and GH abuse in sport. Ključne besede: bodybuilders, doping, drug abuse, matabolism Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.04.2024; Ogledov: 330; Prenosov: 141
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4. B-IMPACT project : eco-friendly and non-hazardous coatings for the protection of outdoor bronzesGiulia Masi, Maëlenn Aufray, A. Balbo, E. Bernardi, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Cristina Chiavari, J. Esvan, Nina Gartner, V. Grassi, Claudie Josse, Tadeja Kosec, Carla Martini, Cecilia Monticelli, Luka Škrlep, W. Sperotto, Erika Švara Fabjan, E. Tedesco, F. Zanotto, Luc Robbiola, 2020, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: Application of protective coatings is the most widely used conservation treatment for outdoor bronzes. Eco-friendly and non-hazardous coatings are currently needed for conservation of outdoor bronze monuments. To fulfil this need, the M-ERA.NET European research project B-IMPACT (Bronze-IMproved non-hazardous PAtina CoaTings) aimed at assessing the protectiveness of innovative coatings for historical and modern bronze monuments exposed outdoors.
In this project, two bronze substrates (historical Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb and modern Cu-Si-Mn alloys) were artificially patinated, by acid rain solution using dropping test and by "liver of sulphur" procedure (K2S aqueous solution) to obtain black patina, respectively. Subsequently, the application of several newly developed protective coatings was carried out and their performance was investigated by preliminary electrochemical tests. In the following steps of the work, the assessment of the best-performing coatings was carried out and their performance was compared to Incralac, one of the most widely used protective coatings in conservation practice. A multi-analytical approach was adopted, considering artificial ageing (carried out in representative conditions, including exposure to rain runoff, stagnant rain and UV radiation) and metal release, as well as visual aspect (so as to include aesthetical impact among the coating selection parameters) and morphological and structural evolution of the coated surfaces due to simulated outdoor exposure. Lastly, also the health impact of selected coatings was assessed by occupational hazard tests. The removability and re-applicability of the best-performing coatings were also assessed. The best alternatives to the conventional Incralac exhibited were: (i) fluoroacrylate blended with methacryloxy-propyl-trimethoxy-silane (FA-MS) applied on patinated Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb bronze and (ii) 3-mercapto-propyl-trimethoxysilane (PropS-SH) applied on patinated Cu-Si-Mn bronze. Ključne besede: bronze, patina, protective coatings, eco-friendly, corrosion, aging Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.03.2024; Ogledov: 337; Prenosov: 211
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5. Rheological behaviors of waste polyethylene modified asphalt binder : Statistical analysis of interlaboratory testing resultsDi Wang, Andrea Baliello, Gustavo Pinheiro, Lily D. Poulikakos, Marjan Tušar, Kamilla Vasconcelos, Muhammad Rafiq Kakar, Laurent Porot, Emiliano Pasquini, Gaspare Giancontieri, Chiara Riccardi, Marco Pasetto, Davide Lo Presti, Augusto Cannone Falchetto, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This article investigated the effect of waste polyethylene (PE) on the modified asphalt binders’ rheological behavior from a statistical point of view. The interlaboratory testing results from the RILEM Technical Committee 279 Valorization of Waste and Secondary Materials for Roads Task Group 1 were used for this purpose. First, an unaged 70/100 penetration graded neat binder was selected as the reference material. Next, a single 5 % content of waste PE additives (PE-pellets and PE-shreds) was mixed with a 95 % neat binder to prepare two PE modified binders. Then, dynamic shear rheometer–based temperature-frequency sweep tests were performed over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies to evaluate the rheological properties of these three binders. Different rheological behaviors were observed in the isochronal plots at high temperatures. Based on a reproducibility precision requirement proposed for phase angle, 28°C was set as the transition temperature across the rheological behaviors. Next, according to the three rheological behaviors defined in a previous study by the authors, statistical analysis was introduced to identify sensitive rheological parameters and determine the thresholds. Results indicate that the phase angle measured above 28°C and 1.59 Hz can be used as a sensitive parameter to discriminate the three rheological behaviors of PE modified binders. The thresholds among different behaviors were also calculated as an example for phase angle measured at the highest common testing temperature of 70°C. Additional experimental evaluations on more types of PE modified binders, especially at intermediate and high temperatures, are recommended to better understand their influence on the rheological behavior of PE modified binders. Ključne besede: bitumen, polietilen, reologija, medlaboratorijska primerjava Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.02.2024; Ogledov: 342; Prenosov: 156
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6. Groundwater Characterization by Means of Conservative (δ18O and δ2H) and Non-Conservative (87Sr/86Sr) Isotopic Values: The Classical Karst Region Aquifer Case (Italy–Slovenia)Chiara Calligaris, Kim Mezga, Francesca Federica Slejko, Janko Urbanc, Luca Zini, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The study of the different hydrogeological compartments is a prerequisite for understanding and monitoring different fluxes, thereby evaluating the environmental changes in an ecosystem where anthropogenic disturbances are present in order to preserve the most vulnerable groundwaters from contamination and degradation. In many karst domains in the Mediterranean, areas groundwaters and surface waters are a single system, as a result of the features that facilitate the ingression of waters from surface to subsurface. This is also the case for the Classical Karst hydrostructure, which is a carbonate plateau that rises above the northern Adriatic Sea, shared between Italy and Slovenia. The main suppliers to the aquifer are the effective precipitations and the waters from three different rivers: Reka/Timavo, Soča/Isonzo and Vipava/Vipacco. Past and ongoing hydrogeological studies on the area have focused on the connections within the Classical Karst Region aquifer system through the analysis of water caves and springs hydrographs and chemographs. In this paper, the authors present new combined data from major ions, oxygen, hydrogen and strontium stable and radiogenic isotopes which have allowed a more complementary knowledge of the groundwater circulation, provenance and water-rock interactions. All the actions occurred in the framework of the European project HYDROKARST. Ključne besede: podzemna voda, kras, geokemija, izotopi, Hydrokarst projekt Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.12.2023; Ogledov: 414; Prenosov: 239
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7. RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test : sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reaction and freeze-thaw resistance of alkali-activated concretesFrank Winnefeld, Gregor J. G. Gluth, Susan A. Bernal, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Lorenza Carabba, Sundararaman Chithiraputhiran, Alireza Dehghan, Sabina Dolenec, Katja Dombrowski-Daube, Ashish Dubey, Vilma Ducman, Yu Jin, Karl Peterson, Stephen Dietmar, John L. Provis, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The RILEM technical committee TC 247-DTA ‘Durability Testing of Alkali-Activated Materials’ conducted a round robin testing programme to determine the validity of various durability testing methods, originally developed for Portland cement based-concretes, for the assessment of the durability of alkali-activated concretes. The outcomes of the round robin tests evaluating sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and freeze–thaw resistance are presented in this contribution. Five different alkali-activated concretes, based on ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, or metakaolin were investigated. The extent of sulfate damage to concretes based on slag or fly ash seems to be limited when exposed to an Na2SO4 solution. The mixture based on metakaolin showed an excessive, very early expansion, followed by a dimensionally stable period, which cannot be explained at present. In the slag-based concretes, MgSO4 caused more expansion and visual damage than Na2SO4; however, the expansion limits defined in the respective standards were not exceeded. Both the ASTM C1293 and RILEM AAR-3.1 test methods for the determination of ASR expansion appear to give essentially reliable identification of expansion caused by highly reactive aggregates. Alkali-activated materials in combination with an unreactive or potentially expansive aggregate were in no case seen to cause larger expansions; only the aggregates of known very high reactivity were seen to be problematic. The results of freeze–thaw testing (with/without deicing salts) of alkali-activated concretes suggest an important influence of the curing conditions and experimental conditions on the test outcomes, which need to be understood before the tests can be reliably applied and interpreted. Ključne besede: alkali-activated materials/geopolymers, sulphate resistance, alkali silica reactivity, freeze-thaw resistance, Rilem TC Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.08.2023; Ogledov: 469; Prenosov: 278
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8. Integrating geological data in Europe to foster multidisciplinary researchMarc Urvois, Sylvain Grellet, Henning Lorenz, Rainer Haener, Christelle Loiselet, Matthew Harrison, Matija Krivic, Christian Brogaard Pedersen, Marianne B. Wiese, Amelia Baptie, Martin Nayembil, James Trench, Ivor Marsh, Carlo Cipolloni, Chiara d'Ambrogi, Maria Pia Congi, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This paper presents novel data discovery and integration, facilitated using borehole logging information with on-demand web services to produce 3D geological structures. This domain interoperability across EPOS was created for the purpose of research, but it is also highly relevant for the response to societal grand challenges such as natural hazards and climate change. European and international interoperability implementation frameworks are well described and used (e.g., INSPIRE, ISO, OGC, and IUGS/CGI). It can be difficult for data providers to deploy web services that support the full semantic data definition (e.g., OGC Complex Feature) to expose several millions of geological entities through web-enabled data portals as required by pan-European projects. Ključne besede: EPOS, geological information, borehole, FAIR, linked data Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2023; Ogledov: 539; Prenosov: 181
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9. Application of electrochemical methods for studying steel corrosion in alkali-activated materialsShishir Mundra, Gabriel Samson, Giulia Masi, Rebecca Achenbach, David M. Bastidas, Susan A. Bernal, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Maria Criado, Martin Cyr, Nina Gartner, Stefanie von Greve‐Dierfeld, Andraž Legat, Nikoonasab Ali, John L. Provis, Michael Raupach, Gregor J. G. Gluth, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Alkali‐activated materials (AAMs) are binders that can complement and partially substitute the current use of conventional cement. However, the present knowledge about how AAMs protect steel reinforcement in concrete elements is incomplete, and uncertainties exist regarding the application of electrochemical methods to investigate this issue. The present review by EFC WP11‐Task Force ‘Corrosion of steel in alkali‐activated materials’ demonstrates that important differences exist between AAMs and Portland cement, and between different classes of AAMs, which are mainly caused by differing pore solution compositions, and which affect the outcomes of electrochemical measurements. The high sulfide concentrations in blast furnace slag‐based AAMs lead to distinct anodic polarisation curves, unusually low open circuit potentials, and low polarisation resistances, which might be incorrectly interpreted as indicating active corrosion of steel reinforcement. No systematic study of the influence of the steel–concrete interface on the susceptibility of steel to corrosion in AAMs is available. Less common electrochemical methods present an opportunity for future progress in the field. Ključne besede: alkali-aktivated materials, alkali‐activated materials, anodic/cathodic polarisation, concrete, linear polarisation resistance, open circuit potential, reinforcement corrosion, resistivity Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.05.2023; Ogledov: 475; Prenosov: 246
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