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Povzetek: Ongoing shifts in climate and land use have altered interactions between trees and insect herbivores, changing biotic disturbance regimes. However, as these changes are complex and vary across host species, insect taxa, and feeding guilds, they remain poorly understood. We compiled annual records of forest insect disturbance from 15 countries in temperate and boreal Europe, spanning the period from 2000 to 2022. The dataset comprises 1361 time series characterizing the dynamics of 50 herbivorous insects. We used this dataset to test whether insect disturbance has systematically changed during the 23-year period across host trees and feeding guilds, whether it varies along latitudinal and climatic gradients, and whether synchrony exists among species in the same guild or among species sharing the same host. Since 2000, borer disturbance was predominantly concentrated on gymnosperms, while defoliators impacted gymnosperms and angiosperms more evenly. While 85.8% of gymnosperm disturbance was inflicted by a single species, Ips typographus, the majority of disturbances to angiosperms were caused by six different species. Borer impact on gymnosperms has increased in the 21st century, while defoliator impact has decreased across both clades. In contrast to diverging temporal trends, disturbance was consistently greater in warmer and drier conditions across feeding guilds and host types. We identified significant synchrony in insect disturbance within host types and feeding guilds but not between these groups, suggesting shared drivers within guilds and host types. Increasing insect disturbance to gymnosperms may catalyze adaptive transformations in Europe's forests, promoting a shift from historical conifer-dominated management to broadleaved trees, which are less affected by insect herbivores. Our findings reveal a diversity of trends in insect herbivory, underscoring the need to strengthen monitoring and research in order to better understand underlying mechanisms and identify emerging threats that may not be apparent in currently available data.
Ključne besede: climate change, ecosystem adaptation, forest disturbance, forest insect herbivores, host tree types, insect feeding guilds
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.11.2025; Ogledov: 154; Prenosov: 73
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Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.11.2025; Ogledov: 160; Prenosov: 82
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Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.11.2025; Ogledov: 93; Prenosov: 48
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Povzetek: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is primarily caused by inflammation and immunological responses, both of which are regulated by vitamin D. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the severity of AP and vitamin D levels, including its total, free, and bioavailable forms. Eighty individuals with AP were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of free 25(OH)D3, bioavailable 25(OH)D3, and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D3 were assessed. The severity of the disease course was assessed by scoring systems (Revised Atlanta classification, Ranson score, CTSI). Vitamin D deficiency was common in AP patients, with 31.3% being categorized as deficient (<50 nmol/L) and 27.5% having a severe deficiency (<30 nmol/L). Compared to patients with adequate vitamin D status, those with lower vitamin D levels had a significantly higher risk of developing moderate-to-severe AP (44.7% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.029). Patients with severe vitamin D insufficiency were the only ones who experienced severe AP. Clinical outcomes showed similar correlations: patients with significant vitamin D deficiency had longer hospital stays (mean of 12.1 ± 5.3 days vs. 7.8 ± 3.4 days, p = 0.018) and higher rates of ICU admission (31.8% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.007). Low levels of total, free, and bioavailable vitamin D were significantly associated with the severity of AP and ICU admission. Free, bioavailable, and total vitamin D were correlated with the severity of acute pancreatitis. All severe cases occurred in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency. Given the observational design, these associations require confirmation in interventional or mechanistic studies.
Ključne besede: vitamin D deficiency, acute pancreatitis severity, free and bioavailable vitamin D, inflammation and immune response, clinical outcomes
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.11.2025; Ogledov: 156; Prenosov: 74
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Povzetek: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a cutaneous malignancy that typically appears in sun-exposed areas. We analyzed data from the Insp-ECT registry of all patients affected by BCC in the head and neck region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of electrochemotherapy (ECT) on a 5-year basis. Patients and methods A cohort of 132 patients was included. They were treated by ECT according to the current Standard Operating Procedures. The median age was 74 years (range 41–93). There was a median of 1 nodule per patient (range 1–7), and the median size of the lesions was 1.4 cm (range 0.5–5.0 cm). Results Patients tolerated ECT well, and 96% agreed to repeat it if needed. The side effects were mild and temporary. All patients achieved a complete clinical response after 1 to 3 ECT sessions. During the first year of follow-up, 4 (3%) patients experienced recurrence, which was treated (2 with ECT, 1 with surgery, and 1 with a combination of ECT and surgery), after which they remained free of disease until the end of follow-up at 5 years. Five patients reported recurrence thereafter and were treated according to their condition. At the 5-year follow-up, the disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87%–96%). At that time, 3 patients were alive with disease (2%), and 124 patients were free of disease (98%). Conclusions This study shows the feasibility and efficacy of ECT treatment in elderly patients with BCC tumors in aesthetically and functionally sensitive areas, with negligible toxicity. Comparable efficacy to other treatment modalities was demonstrated at 1 year and 5 years of follow-up in terms of DFS.
Ključne besede: basal cell carcinoma, electrochemotherapy, preživetje brez ponovitve bolezni
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.11.2025; Ogledov: 165; Prenosov: 76
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