1511. Influence of felling residue management on bark beetles and other insect diversityMaarten De Groot, Luka Capuder, I. G. Farah Kootstra, Martin Križaj, Marija Kolšek, Mitja Ferlan, Tine Hauptman, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Bark beetle outbreaks have caused large-scale tree mortality and damage in recent decades, primarily following an increase in largescale forest disturbances induced by climate change. After tree logging operations, leftover branches are traditionally piled to make the potential brood material less suitable for bark beetles, thereby lowering the risk of subsequent attacks on surrounding trees. On the other hand, the residues could prove valuable to biodiversity by supplementing important habitat, given the apparent decline in deadwood in European forests and its associated saproxylic fauna. Our aim was to identify the most successful method of logging residue management for both bark beetle management and biodiversity. We focussed on Norway spruce felling residues, their associated bark beetle pests and saproxylic insect orders, beetle families, and Cerambycidae species.We prepared four treatments: (i) logging residues in piles, (ii) scattered logging residues, (iii) logging residues removed, and (iv) a control plot with no felling activity. Five plots per treatment were established at each site. In total, three sites were selected: one at a high elevation and two at lower elevations in different parts of Slovenia. The catch was counted to the order level, the attracted beetles were identified to the family level, and Cerambycidae and Scolytinae to the species level. We found that the treatments with residues attracted the highest diversity of insect orders and the most beetles across different families, including Cerambycidae. Furthermore, we found that the species composition differed between control and residue treatments, although no difference was observed in species richness. More bark beetles and a higher number of bark beetle species were attracted to both piled and scattered residues. Thick branches were more frequently attacked in scattered residues. There was no difference in the number of attacked trees (within a plot) one month after treatment. Hence, leaving logging residues in the forest could represent an interesting compromise between pest management and biodiversity conservation. Conf licting aims, such as increasing biodiversity or controlling bark beetles, should be carefully considered in the management decisions.
Ključne besede: Scolytinae, forest management, Cerambycidae, Norway spruce, multipurpose forest management, felling residue
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.07.2025; Ogledov: 440; Prenosov: 257
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1512. The languages of village governments in the eastern stretches of dualist Hungary : rights and practicesÁgoston Berecz, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The article investigates patterns of written language choice in majority Romanian and German rural local governments in the eastern third of Dualist Hungary. In spite of the recognition that the Nationalities Act of 1868 accorded to the citizenry's linguistic diversity, the political establishment soon embarked on typical nation-state linguistic policies. It failed, however, to make new generations learn Hungarian. The central government promoted the use of Hungarian by incentivizing village secretaries, the only career bureaucrats in local governments. The article brings to the fore the tension between the push of a Hungarian-only ideology and the rapid spread of mother-tongue literacy.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.07.2025; Ogledov: 1101; Prenosov: 279
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1517. Drug-resistant tuberculosis on the Balkan Peninsula : determination of drug resistance mechanisms with Xpert MTB/XDR and whole-genome sequencing analysisSara Truden, Eva Sodja, Marija Žolnir-Dovč, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The new molecular assay Xpert MTB/XDR (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was launched in 2021 to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) complex with mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid (INH), ethionamide (ETH), fluoroquinolone (FQ), and second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs). The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of the Xpert MTB/XDR rapid molecular assay on rifampicin-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and pre-extensively resistant tuberculosis (TB) isolates in a clinical laboratory in the Balkan Peninsula compared to a phenotypic drug susceptibility test (pDST). Xpert MTB/XDR was used to test positive Bactec MGIT 960 (Becton, Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) cultures or DNA isolates. In the case of discrepant results between Xpert MTB/XDR and pDST, the usefulness of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was emphasized. In our study, 80 MT isolates from different Balkan countries were selectively chosen from the National Mycobacterial Strain Collection in Golnik, Slovenia. Isolates were tested with the Xpert MTB/XDR assay, conventional pDST, and WGS. Xpert MTB/XDR showed high sensitivities of 91.9%, 100%, and 100% for detecting INH, FQ, and SLID resistance, respectively, compared to pDST. In contrast, low sensitivity (51.9%) for ETH resistance was achieved because isolates harbored widespread mutations across the ethA gene. The specificity of Xpert MTB/XDR was 100% for all drugs except for INH (66.7%). Further investigation with WGS revealed −57c→t mutations in the oxyR-ahpC region marked with uncertain significance, which caused the low specificity for detecting INH resistance with the new assay. Xpert MTB/XDR can be used in clinical laboratories for the rapid detection of INH, FQ, and SLID resistance. Moreover, it can be used to rule in resistance to ETH. Additional use of WGS is recommended in cases of discrepant results between pDST and Xpert MTB/XDR. Future improvements of Xpert MTB/XDR with the inclusion of additional genes may increase the usefulness of the assay.
Ključne besede: drug resistant tuberculosis, whole-genome sequencing analysis, molecular diagnostics, Xpert MTB/XDR
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.07.2025; Ogledov: 546; Prenosov: 271
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