1. Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy : recent advancesMatija Kozak, Benilde Cosmi, Grigoris T. Gerotziafas, Peter Marschang, Agata Stanek, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is notably more common in pregnancy, with at least a 5‑fold higher risk than in nonpregnant women, and an even greater surge postpartum. Pregnancy induces a hypercoagulable state with venous stasis and vascular changes, making VTE a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in the postpartum period. Clinical presentation is often subtle or nonspecific, highlighting the need for objective diagnostic strategies adapted to pregnancy. Emerging diagnostic algorithms, including D‑dimer– guided approaches and pregnancy‑specific rules, such as the pregnancy‑adapted YEARS criteria, are improving diagnostic accuracy while limiting unnecessary imaging. Prevention and treatment regimens are tailored to pregnant patients, with low‑molecular‑weight heparin remaining the cornerstone of therapy. Ongoing research is exploring individualized prophylaxis based on personal risk profiles, biomarker‑driven risk stratification, and optimized postpartum management protocols. Under‑recognized issues, such as superficial vein thrombosis and rare but high‑risk thrombophilias (eg, antithrombin deficiency) are also garnering attention for their contribution to pregnancy‑associated VTE risk. This review provides a comprehensive update on pregnancy‑related VTE, highlighting evolving concepts in epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of deep and superficial venous thromboses and pulmonary embolism from pregnancy through the postpartum period.
Ključne besede: deep venous thrombosis, pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism
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2. Screen first, vaccinate later : enhancing tuberculosis vaccination safety through newborn immunodeficiency screeningGregor Nosan, Andreja Cerkvenik Škafar, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with around 10 million new cases reported annually and multidrug-resistant strains complicating control efforts. Although incidence has declined in many high-income regions, neonatal populations remain vulnerable, underscoring the continued role of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination. BCG vaccination provides strong protection against severe forms of TB in infancy, though its efficacy against pulmonary disease in adolescents and adults is modest. However, the BCG vaccine carries a risk of disseminated infection in immunocompromised newborns, emphasizing the importance of integrating immunodeficiency screening into vaccination strategies. Slovenia introduced universal newborn screening for inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in 2024 and, in 2025, revised its neonatal BCG vaccination protocol to incorporate screening results before vaccination. Under this approach, blood sampling occurs at ≥48 h, results are available by days 5–7, and BCG is administered between 7 and 14 days of life. This model balances timely TB protection with safety for at-risk infants. The Slovenian experience exemplifies a precision vaccination strategy that integrates real-time immunogenetic data with targeted BCG administration. This approach aligns with World Health Organization goals to modernize TB prevention while awaiting next-generation vaccines and may serve as a guide for other low-incidence countries.
Ključne besede: tuberculosis, newborn, vaccination, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, screening, primary immunodeficiency diseases
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4. Posterior C1-C2 fixation for atlantoaxial instability due to a dysplastic C1 arch, complicated by an accidental vertebral artery injury managed with intravascular intervention and salvage contralateral unilateral fusionArmand Dominik Škapin, Juš Kšela, Miha Vodičar, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Posterior fixation with fusion is recommended in symptomatic congenital anomalies of the upper cervical spine. Altered vertebral anatomy in such cases increases the likelihood of intraoperative complications, where injury to the vertebral artery (VA) may result in cerebellar and dorsolateral medulla oblongata ischemia. Prompt and appropriate intervention is paramount if complications arise. We present a patient with a dysplastic C1 arch, leading to atlantodental arthrosis and anterior C1 subluxation with resultant compressive myelopathy of the spinal cord. During elective surgery, a VA injury occurred, which was managed with intravascular intervention and salvage contralateral posterior unilateral C1-C2 fusion. Postoperatively, the patient developed partial Wallenberg syndrome. Imaging revealed two ischemic changes in the cerebellar hemisphere. One year after surgery, the patient showed substantial improvement following comprehensive rehabilitation, able to ambulate without support and maintain a significant level of independence in everyday activities.
Ključne besede: congenital, dysplasia, atlantoaxial instability, C1-C2
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5. Outpatient hysteroscopic treatment of cervical ectopic pregnancy in a primigravida using the Ho:YAG laser : a case report and operative protocol evaluationDimitar Cvetkov, David Lukanović, Angel Yordanov, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Povzetek: Background and Clinical Significance: Cervical ectopic pregnancy (CEP) is a rare and potentially serious condition, in which the embryo implants within the cervical canal rather than the uterine cavity and is present in less than 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. There are different treatment options depending on the particular situation and the woman’s reproductive desire but conservative approaches as the first line of treatment is preferred in all cases and hysteroscopic resection of the fetus is one of these options. Several types of laser systems are available for use in hysteroscopic surgery, including neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) lasers, KTP and Argon lasers, as well as diode lasers. The holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser, although more commonly used in urology due to its ability to cut, coagulate, and vaporize tissue, has gained interest in gynecologic procedures because of its precision and favorable safety profile. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 32-year-old woman, pregnant for the first time, who was diagnosed with CEP and successfully treated using a Ho:YAG laser during an outpatient hysteroscopic procedure. As far as we know, this is the first published case using this approach. Conclusions: The Ho:YAG laser is a proven tool for outpatient hysteroscopic procedures like septum and adhesion removal. Its ability to both cut and coagulate offers a minimally invasive, fertility-sparing option for managing cervical ectopic pregnancy. With the right patient and proper backup plans in place, this approach could be a promising alternative to more aggressive treatments.
Ključne besede: cervical ectopic pregnancy, hysteroscopic resection, holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser
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6. Exploring the impact of home-based serious smartphone resuscitation gaming on stress among nursing students practicing simulated adult basic life support : randomized waitlist controlled trialNino Fijačko, Benjamin S. Abella, Špela Metličar, Leon Kopitar, Robert Greif, Gregor Štiglic, Pavel Skok, Matej Strnad, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: adult basic life support, stress, serious games, gaming, simulation
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8. Simpozij - Melanom in nemelanomski kožni raki : zbornik povzetkov2025, ni določena Ključne besede: kožni tumorji, kožni melanom, kirurško zdravljenje, sistemsko zdravljenje, registri, biološki označevalci, elektrokemoterapija, radioterapija, nuklearna medicina, zborniki, ktronske knjige
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