1. Percussion signals of Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae)Sándor Koczor, Andrej Čokl, 2014, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The European tarnished plant bug (Lygus rugulipennis Poppius) is among the most serious pests in the family Miridae, and therefore there is increasing interest in understanding the behaviour of this species. In the present study, laboratory recordings were taken using a laser vibrometer on adult males and females to ascertain whether acoustic signals are involved in intraspecific communication. Recordings were both carried out on plant and loudspeaker membrane substrates. Males and females emitted vibratory signals and the present results indicate that these signals are important during courtship. The basic signal characteristics measured were the dominant frequency, pulse duration, repetition time and number of pulses per group within the signal. Male and female signals did not differ in respect to any of these characteristics. Plant recorded signals were longer because of different mechanical properties of substrates. Additionally, the high frequency components were attenuated due to the low-pass filtering properties of plants. As this is the first study on vibratory communication of the European tarnished plant bug, we believe these findings may contribute considerably to the better understanding of the mating behavior of this important pest species.
Ključne besede: European tarnished plant bug, acoustic communication, laser vibrometer, plant, substrate, loudspeaker membrane
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2. The role of signals of different modalities in initiating vibratory communication in Nezara viridulaVera Zgonik, Andrej Čokl, 2014, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Signals of different modalities are involved in the behaviour of the green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Pentatomidae, Heteroptera). Long range attraction is mediated by male pheromones, resulting in aggregation of bugs on the same plant where vibratory signals, vision and various chemical signals become important. Both males and females sing spontaneously. When both are on the plant, males start vibratory communication as often as females. Females induce the exchange of vibratory signals spontaneously or triggered by the male pheromone while males initiate the duet either spontaneously or after seeing the female. Males and females sing spontaneously and respond to signals of different modalities more often in the daylight than in the dark. Long lasting autonomous emission of the female calling song is present when triggered by the male pheromone and males respond to female calling predominantly by the emission of the courtship song.
Ključne besede: mating behaviour, animal communication, vibrations, green stink bug
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4. Znanje, ki pušča sled : petinsedemdeset let Zavoda za gradbeništvo Slovenije : 1949-20242024, strokovna monografija Ključne besede: raziskave, laboratoriji, grajeno okolje, digitalizacija, gradnja, materiali, les, potresno inženirstvo, stavbe, trajnostna gradnja, bivanje, ekologija
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5. Molecular phylogeny of Parabathynellidae (Crustacea, Bathynellacea), and three new species from Thai cavesAna Isabel Camacho, Paloma Mas-Peinado, Santi Watiroyram, Anton Brancelj, Elia Bandari, Beatriz A. Dorda, Adrian Casado, Isabel Rey, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: A preliminary molecular phylogenetic framework for 12 genera (23 species) of the family Parabathynellidae from Europe, Australia, North Africa and India is presented based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers (Cox1 and 18S). The generated hypothesis places the Southeast Asia genus Paraeobathynella closer to European genera (Iberobathynella, Paraiberobathynella and Parabathynella) than to the Australian (Brevisomabathynella, Atopobathynella, Billibathynella, Octobathynella, Arkaroolabathynella and Lockyerenella) or Indian genera (Habrobathynella), or to the cosmopolitan genus Hexabathynella (Spain and Australia). Three new species of the genus Paraeobathynella from Thailand, P. ratensis n. sp., P. siamensis n. sp. and P. hanjavanitiana n. sp., are described based on morphological and molecular features. This is the first record of the genus from Thailand and extends its range of distribution within Asia, where it was previously known only from Vietnam. The new species are clearly separated as independent units at least since the Middle Miocene.
Ključne besede: biogeography, morphology, molecular phylogeny, Thai cave fauna, Parabathynellidae, 18S, Cox1
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6. On the evolution of the tymbalian tymbal organ: Comment on "Planthopper bugs use a fast, cyclic elastic recoil mechanism for effective vibrational communication at small body size" by Davranoglou et al. 2019Hannelore Hoch, Manfred Asche, Peter Bräunig, Sarah Ehlers, Peggy S. M. Hill, Ana Kuhelj, Roland Mühlethaler, Meta Virant-Doberlet, Andreas Wessel, 2019, drugi znanstveni članki Povzetek: In ihrer kürzlich erschienenen Arbeit (Davranoglou et al. 2019) untersuchten die Autoren an lebenden Exemplaren von Agalmatium bilobium (Issidae) mit modernsten Methoden (microCT) die Interaktionen zwischen Muskulatur und bestimmten Anteilen des Exoskeletts zur Vibrationserzeugung und beschreiben deren biomechanische Grundlage. Auf der Basis des morphologischen Vergleichs mit Museumsmaterial von Vertretern der meisten Taxa der Fulgoromorpha (Spitzkopfzikaden) im Familienrang postulieren Davranoglou et al. (2019), ein „neues und bisher übersehenes“ Organ entdeckt zu haben, das sie als „snapping organ“ bezeichnen und als charakteristisch für die Fulgoromorpha (mit Ausnahme der Delphacidae) interpretieren. Wir sehen diese Ergebnisse aus folgenden Gründen kritisch: 1. In ihrer umfassenden Übersicht zu den vibrationserzeugenden Organen der Hemiptera stellten Wessel et al. (2014) die Hypothese auf, dass sich alle bisher bekannten Strukturen zur Schall- und Vibrationserzeugung auf ein Organ zurückführen lassen, das mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit bei der Stammart aller Hemipteren oberhalb der Sternorrhyncha vorhanden war, und eine Synapomorphie dieses Taxons, der sog. Tymbalia (Wessel et al. 2014), darstellt. Da aufgrund der morphologischen Disparität des Organs in den einzelnen Taxa die Homologieverhältnisse schwierig zu beurteilen sind, stellten Wessel et al. (2014) Kriterien für das „Tymbal der Tymbalia“ auf. Das sogenannte „snapping organ“ erfüllt alle Kriterien dieses Tymbal-Organes. Die Einführung eines neuen Begriffes für eine bestimmte Struktur in einer langen und komplexen Kette evolutionärer Transformationen ist daher unnötig, wenn nicht sogar irreführend. Wir empfehlen daher dringend, in zukünftigen Arbeiten den Begriff „tymbalian tymbal organ with a snapping mechanism“ zu verwenden. 2. Die Grundannahme von Davranoglou et al. (2019), dass – im Gegensatz zum neu entdeckten „snapping organ“ der Fulgoromorpha – allen Cicadomorpha ein „tymbal-ähnliches Or-gan“ gemeinsam sei, ist zu stark vereinfacht und vernachlässigt die enorme Vielfalt der Ausprägungen des Tymbals bei Nicht-Singzikaden innerhalb der Cicadomorpha. In Anbetracht der verfügbaren Studien scheint es daher zweifelhaft, dass sich die vibrationserzeugenden Strukturen dreimal unabhängig voneinander entwickelt haben sollen, wie es die phylogenetische Interpretation bei Davranoglou et al. (2019: Abb. 3) suggeriert.
Ključne besede: biotremology, Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, tymbal, snapping organ
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7. Specificity of male responses to female vibratory signals in two Chinavia species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is based on signal structure and narrow temporal parametersSamantha da Silveira, Aline Moreira Dias, Ana Carolina Gomes Lagoa, Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes, Miguel Borges, Andrej Čokl, Raúl Alberto Laumann, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In this work, we tested whether variations in temporal pattern and architecture of the vibratory signals favor signals recognition and discrimination in two stinkbug species, Chinavia ubica and C. impicticornis. To relate the level of species recognition with species-specific vibratory signal we exposed males to natural or artificial signals. Different artificial signals were synthesized by changing the basic structure or temporal parameters of typical female calling signals of each species. Signals were transmitted to bean plants and the response of males was observed and recorded by a piezoelectric accelerometer. Results show that changes in temporal patterns of artificial signals significantly reduced the proportion of males responding by emitting the male song. Our results confirm that specific elements of male vibratory signals are critical for female signal recognition and discrimination by males and could contribute to prezygotic isolation in sympatric Chinavia species.
Ključne besede: neotropical stinkbugs, communication, sexual signals, reproductive behavior, signal architecture
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8. Interstitial fauna of the Sava River in Eastern SloveniaSimona Prevorčnik, Anja Remškar, Cene Fišer, Boris Sket, Gregor Bračko, Teo Delić, Nataša Mori, Anton Brancelj, Maja Zagmajster, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Interstitial water that occupies the pore spaces within unconsolidated sediments is a unique habitat, inhabited by surface as well as exclusively subterranean species (stygobionts). The best studied of all interstitial habitats is the hyporheic zone, an interface between surface water and groundwater (phreatic zone) environments. The Sava River in central Slovenia (i.e., at the Ljubljana alluvial plain) readily qualifies as one of the global hotspots of interstitial biodiversity, while data from other river sections are lacking. In 2015, we sampled two gravel bars on the final Slovenian section of the river (Eastern Slovenia), and collected nine samples per site using the Bou-Rouch pumping method. At »Čatež ob Savi« and »Obrežje« sites, at least 26 invertebrate species with 14 stygobionts and 25 invertebrate species with 13 stygobionts were identified, respectively. Altogether, 33 invertebrate taxa with 16 stygobionts were recorded, which increased the previously known interstitial stygobiotic richness of the Sava River in Slovenia by eight species (to 37 species). Three species of the stygobiotic amphipod genus Niphargus were recorded in Slovenia for the first time, one of which is even a new species to science. We discuss the novel results in the context of current national conservation practices.
Ključne besede: interrstitial fauna, hyporheic, stygobionts, endemic species, Bou-Rouch pumping method, Sava River, Slovenia
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9. Comparison of some epigean and troglobiotic animals regarding their metabolism intensity. Examination of a classical assertionTatjana Simčič, Boris Sket, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This study determines oxygen consumption (R), electron transport system (ETS) activity and R/ETS ratio in two pairs of epigean and hypogean crustacean species or subspecies. To date, metabolic characteristics among the phylogenetic distant epigean and hypogean species (i.e., species of different genera) or the epigean and hypogean populations of the same species have been studied due to little opportunity to compare closely related epigean and hypogean species. To fill this gap, we studied the epigean Niphargus zagrebensis and its troglobiotic relative Niphargus stygius, and the epigean subspecies Asellus aquaticus carniolicus in comparison to the troglobiotic subspecies Asellus aquaticus cavernicolus. We tested the previous findings of different metabolic rates obtained on less-appropriate pairs of species and provide additional information on thermal characteristics of metabolic enzymes in both species or subspecies types. Measurements were done at four temperatures. The values of studied traits, i.e., oxygen consumption, ETS activity, and ratio R/ETS, did not differ significantly between species or subspecies of the same genus from epigean and hypogean habitats, but they responded differently to temperature changes. Higher Q10-values for oxygen consumption of N. stygius than N. zagrebensis in the temperature range 10-20°C and higher Ea indicated higher thermal sensitivity in the subterranean species. On the other hand, lower Q10 and Ea-values for ETS activity of N. stygius than N. zagrebensis indicated more thermally stable enzymatic machinery in N. stygius than N. zagrebensis. In Asellus, we observed a similar trend of lower Ea for oxygen consumption and higher Ea for ETS activity in epigean than the troglomorphic subspecies, but the values did not differ significantly between the two. Our most important conclusion is that the low metabolic rate is not a universal property of troglobiotic animals, and the degree of metabolic adaptation is not necessarily in agreement with the degree of morphological adaptation (troglomorphy).
Ključne besede: food scarcity, temperature, oxygen consumption, ETS activity, amphipod, isopod
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10. Delovanje, ekosistemska vloga in vpliv naravnih motenj na gozdove s poudarkom na vetrolomih in namnožitvah podlubnikov – pregledMatevž Konjar, Matija Klopčič, 2024, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Naravne motnje so eni izmed osrednjih upravljalskih in znanstvenih izzivov, s katerimi se spoprijema gozdarska stroka. Njihova vloga se s povečevanjem vpliva podnebnih sprememb povečuje in spreminja. Namen preglednega članka je pripraviti strnjen in aktualiziran pregled znanstvenih dognanj, ki se nanašajo tako na vlogo in delovanje motenj v gozdnih ekosistemih kot tudi na pomen naravnih motenj z vidika upravljanja gozdnih ekosistemov in trajnostnega zagotavljanja vseh funkcij gozdov. Članek vsebuje pregled aktualnih raziskovalnih izsledkov in razvoja razumevanja delovanja in vloge naravnih motenj ter pregled raziskovalnih rezultatov s področja preučevanja različnih tipov motenj s poudarkom na vetrolomih in namnožitvah podlubnikih.
Ključne besede: naravne motnje, režimi naravnih motenj, dejavniki naravnih motenj, vetrolom, podlubniki, gospodarjenje z gozdovi, podnebne spremembe
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