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Povzetek: Background. Yarrowia lipolytica is a promising host for sustainable microbial oil production from waste-derived carboxylic acids such as acetate and propionate. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolism and assimilation of these substrates, particularly under nitrogen limitation, are still not fully understood. Results. We conducted a multi-condition transcriptomic analysis of Y. lipolytica strain EXF-17398 under nitrogen-limiting conditions to investigate its transcriptional adaptation to acetate and propionate utilisation. Our results revealed distinct transcriptional responses associated with metabolic adaptation, including the coordinated regulation of Jen and Gpr carboxylate transporter families, suggesting a dual system for carboxylate uptake. JEN5 and GPR1 appear central to propionate and acetate utilisation, respectively. Our data suggest that propionate toxicity is mitigated through its conversion via the methylcitrate cycle and potentially the malonate semialdehyde pathway, preventing accumulation of cytotoxic propionyl-CoA in the cytosol. The upregulation of carnitine acyltransferases suggests active mitochondrial transport of acyl-CoAs, linking detoxification with energy metabolism. Under tested conditions, the de novo lipid synthesis was consistent with carbon overflow from acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA, supported by intracellular nitrogen recycling and redox balancing, independent of classical nitrogen regulatory pathways. Conclusions. These findings illustrate the capacity of Y. lipolytica to coordinate carbon and nitrogen metabolism during carboxylate utilisation, such as acetate and propionate, offering insights to guide the optimisation of microbial oil production from renewable feedstocks.
Ključne besede: propionate, transport, metabolism
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.11.2025; Ogledov: 162; Prenosov: 86
Celotno besedilo (3,97 MB)
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Povzetek: Traditional Graphs, such as weighted graphs, or fuzzy graphs have static edge weights or membership values.These graphs have been widely used to model various complex systems, but they typically do not incorporate dynamicinteractions found in evolving systems like brain networks. Temporal graphs are data-based algorithmic time-dependentstructures. There is no such structure to represent the dynamic interactions of networks. Quantum graphs are structuredgraphs based on the dynamic behaviors of vertices and links. This study introduces Signed Quantum Graphs (SQGs) withtime-dependent signs that represent dynamical systems. The properties of SQGs have been investigated. Additionally,concepts and properties of triadic closure, balance, domination, and strength of a SQG have been studied. The area ofapplications in brain networks has been mentioned. We propose a dynamic signed graph framework, where edge signsevolve periodically using functions. Structural properties and convergence results are provided.
Ključne besede: signed graphs, quantum graphs, dynamical networks, temporal graphs
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.11.2025; Ogledov: 127; Prenosov: 50
Celotno besedilo (3,78 MB)
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Povzetek: A k-rainbow dominating function (kRDF) of G assigns subsets of {1, 2, ..., k} to vertices, such that for vertex v with f(v) = ∅,Uu∈N(v)f(u) = {1, 2, ..., k}. The weight w(f) of kRDF f is w(f) = P v∈V(G)|f(v)|. The minimum weight of a kRDF of G is the k-rainbow domination number denoted by yrk(G). This paper focuses on the 2-rainbow domination number of Cartesian graph bundles of cycles over cycles, extending recent results for Cartesian product of cycles. Exact values are given for certain infinite families, and tight lower and upper bounds are established for general case.
Ključne besede: 2-rainbow domination, domination numbers, graph bundles
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.11.2025; Ogledov: 126; Prenosov: 71
Celotno besedilo (1,61 MB)
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Povzetek: The reliability of infrared (IR) imaging is strongly dependent on the surface emissivity of the investigated object. Achieving near-unity emissivity is essential to IR measurement accuracy. To meet this requirement, black paint coatings are commonly applied onto the studied samples. However, there is a lack of a systematic study of the coating preparation for IR measurements. In this work, a new procedure is developed for the preparation of black paint coatings using the cost-effective airbrush tool. With this novel method, it can achieve black paint coatings as thin as ≈3 µm or thicker, depending on the number of layers. The coatings are homogeneous and with excellent adhesion to the substrate. Furthermore, the coatings can be entirely removed from the substrate using conventional laboratory solutions. The coatings exhibited an average emissivity of ≈0.95 within the 0.5–2.5 µm wavelength range. The quality of the coatings is validated by directly measuring the magnetocaloric response of a commercially available material, which is in excellent agreement with the supplier's datasheet. In this way, a novel affordable black coating method is showcased, which can be applied on a wide variety of samples for IR measurements, broadening the possibilities for IR characterizations.
Ključne besede: airbrushing, infrared thermal camera
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.11.2025; Ogledov: 131; Prenosov: 62
Celotno besedilo (4,24 MB)
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Ključne besede: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.11.2025; Ogledov: 70; Prenosov: 0