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546. Combined climate and chemical stressors : how spatial variability shapes the response of Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and heatwaves, and what it means for ecotoxicologyVerdiana Vellani, Manuela Piccardo, Francesca Provenza, Serena Anselmi, Valentina Pitacco, Lovrenc Lipej, Stanislao Bevilacqua, Monia Renzi, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Ficopomatus enigmaticus, a reef-forming serpulid, has emerged as a promising candidate for biomonitoring and ecotoxicology studies. Recent research has focused on adult stress responses, highlighting the need to understand population-specific responses. This study employed a multi-biomarker approach to investigate how F. enigmaticus adults from two populations in the NE Adriatic (Site A) and NE Tyrrhenian (Site B) responded to chronic exposure to heat and chemical stress (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO), individually and in combination. The analysis detected significant differences in protein content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) between populations. Notably, no oxidative damage (measured as lipid peroxidation, LPO) was detected in any population or treatment. Similarly, no significant differences were detected in the integrated biomarker response index (IBRv2i). However, lower IBRv2i values at Site A suggested reduced stress conditions, possibly indicating that this site may have lower baseline stress. Overall, treatment effects were limited and site-specific: only the combined heat and DMSO exposure at Site A lowered GST activity compared to heat stress alone. Nevertheless, both populations exhibited broadly similar biochemical response patterns to stress. Our findings deepen the understanding of stress physiology in F. enigmaticus, underscoring the ecological importance of multi-stressor approaches in environmental monitoring.
Ključne besede: ecotoxicology, wild populations, biomarkers, heat stress, combined stress, population responses
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Ogledov: 123; Prenosov: 92
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548. Tartary buckwheat grain as a source of bioactive compounds in husked groatsIvan Kreft, Aleksandra Golob, Blanka Vombergar, Mateja Germ, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) originates in mountain regions of Western China, and is cultivated in China, Bhutan, Northern India, Nepal, and Central Europe. The content of flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat grain and groats is much higher than in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), and depends on ecological conditions, such as UV-B radiation. Buckwheat intake has preventative effects in chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, due to its content of bioactive substances. The main bioactive compounds in Tartary buckwheat groats are flavonoids (rutin and quercetin). There are differences in the bioactivities of buckwheat groats obtained using different husking technologies, based on husking raw or pretreated grain. Husking hydrothermally pretreated grain is among the traditional ways of consuming buckwheat in Europe and some parts of China and Japan. During hydrothermal and other processing of Tartary buckwheat grain, a part of rutin is transformed to quercetin, the degradation product of rutin. By adjusting the humidity of materials and the processing temperature, it is possible to regulate the degree of conversion of rutin to quercetin. Rutin is degraded to quercetin in Tartary buckwheat grain due to the enzyme rutinosidase. The high-temperature treatment of wet Tartary buckwheat grain is able to prevent the transformation of rutin to quercetin.
Ključne besede: Fagopyrum tataricum, Fagopyrum esculentum, flavonoids, rutin, quercetin, food, grain, groats, metabolites
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Ogledov: 149; Prenosov: 73
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549. A crop of high nutritional quality and health maintenance value : The importance of tartary buckwheat breedingIvan Kreft, Aleksandra Golob, Mateja Germ, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Abstract Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.), originating in the Himalayan area, is cultivated in central Asia and northern, central, and eastern Europe. Tartary buckwheat grain and sprouts are rich in flavonoid metabolites rutin and quercetin. The synthesis of flavonoids in plants is accelerated by UV-B solar radiation to protect the plants against radiation damage. During Tartary buckwheat food processing, a part of rutin is enzymatically converted to quercetin. Rutin and quercetin are able to pass the blood–brain barrier. Studies have investigated the effects of rutin and quercetin on blood flow to the brain, consequently bringing more nutrients and oxygen to the brain, and causing improved brain function. In addition to the impact on blood flow, rutin and quercetin have been shown to have antioxidative properties. The goals of breeding Tartary buckwheat are mainly to maintain and enhance the high nutritional quality. The goals could be reached via the breeding of Tartray buckwheat for larger cotyledons. Other main breeding efforts should be concentrated on the easy husking of the grain, the prevention of seed shattering, and the improvement in growth habits to obtain uniformity in grain ripening and a stable and high yield.
Ključne besede: Fagopyrum tataricum, flavonoids, rutin, quercetin, food, nutrition, breeding
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Ogledov: 119; Prenosov: 63
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550. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of rutabaga (Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica) rootsMonika Cifrová, Alena Vollmannová, Tomáš Tóth, Marek Šnirc, Ivan Kreft, 2024, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This study aimsto determine the totalcontent of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity by DPPH spectrophotometricallyin rutabaga (Brassica napusL. var. napobrassica) samples, cultivated in the Trenčín region, in the Púchov district, at the border of the White Carpathian and Javorníky mountains, Slovakia. For analysis were used three types of rutabaga, named after the collection sites(Mestečko, Lúky 1, Lúky 2). The total polyphenol content in rutabaga was ranging from 2.41 (Mestečko) to 2.82 mg GAE.g-1dry weight (Lúky2).It was established that that the studied rutabaga samplesdo not show a significant difference in the total content of polyphenols between the collection locations.In theantioxidant activity of rutabaga, differences were confirmed in AAs. A statistical difference was established between locations Lúky 2 and Mestečko.DPPH radical scavenging activity values were from 5,19 (Mestečko) to 7,49 μmol TE.g-1 DW (Lúky 2). Spearman's test showed a positive relationship between both methods used. Theseresults confirm the promising potential of rutabaga use in functional food preparation.
Ključne besede: rutabaga, polyphenols, antioxidant activity
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Ogledov: 129; Prenosov: 69
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