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Abstract: V okviru naloge “Dodatne raziskave kvalifikacijskih vrst Natura 2000 ter vzpostavitev in izvajanje monitoringa ciljnih vrst rakov v letu 2010 in 2011 (končno poročilo)”, ki jo je po naročilu Ministrstva RS za okolje in prostor izvajal Center za kartografijo favne in flore s sodelovanjem Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo in zunanjih sodelavcev (Govedič in sod. 2011) je bil predlagan okvirni načrt monitoringa potočnih rakov v Sloveniji. Večji del raziskav je bil takrat opravljen za namene opredelitve novih Natura 2000 območij za koščaka (Austropotamobius torrentium). Večina predlaganih območij iz leta 2011 (Govedič in sod. 2011) je bila v letu 2013 tudi vključena v razširjeno omrežje Natura 2000 (Uradni list RS 33/2013) in kasneje potrjena na Biogeografskem seminarju leta 2014. V okviru sedanje naloge “Vzpostavitev in izvajanje monitoringa populacij izbranih ciljnih vrst rakov v letih 2014 in 2015” smo izdelali končno metodologijo monitoringa potočnih rakov v Sloveniji, večinoma pa smo sledili predlogu iz leta 2011 (Govedič in sod. 2011). V poročilu so predstavljeni rezultati terenskega dela. Analize populacijskih in distribucijskih trendov še niso mogoče, interpretirali pa smo nekatere izstopajoče rezultate. Glede na prejšnja poročila monitoringa (Govedič in sod. 2007, 2011) smo dopolnili glavne dejavnike ogrožanja potočnih rakov v Sloveniji s predlogi uvedbe nujnega spremljanja v Sloveniji najbolj perečih dejavnikov kot podporo upravljanju območij Natura 2000 za potočne rake.
Keywords: raki, razširjenost, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Views: 186; Downloads: 541
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Abstract: Javni zavod Krajinski park Strunjan (v nadaljevanju KPS) je v okviru projekta Sustainable management of artisanal fisheries in the Strunjan Nature Reserve načrtoval projektne aktivnosti, ki jih je zaupal v izvedbo strokovnjakom iz Morske biološke postaje Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo. Te aktivnosti so: a) priprava srečanja s profesionalnimi ribiči, ki sodelujejo pri projektu in seznanitev z ribjo biodiverziteto na območju KPS, b) predstavitev izsledkov primerjalne študije skupnosti ribičev, ki sodelujejo na projektu ter izvedencem ribiške stroke in c) predstavitev izsledkov primerjalne študije na znanstvenih in strokovnih srečanjih. d) analiza ribjega ulova, pridobljenega z načrtnim izlovom v akvatoriju KPS in pred njim, primerjava dobljenih podatkov s podatki opazovalnih cenzusev z namenom ugotavljanja rezidenčnosti posameznih vrst, e) izvajanje opazovalnega cenzusa za popisovanje obrežne ribje favne in opredelitev gostote ribjih vrst v danem okolju (popis obrežne ribje favne in pridobitev naslednjih podatkov. Seznam vrst, gostoto vrst, podatke o življenjskem okolju določenih vrst, f) Dopolnitev seznama ribjih vrst znotraj zavarovanega območja in v neposredni bližini s primerjavo podatkov o rezidentnih, tranzicijskih, rednih in naključnih vrstah. Pričujoče poročilo obravnava vse zgoraj navedene točke, razen točk a, b in c, ki se nanašajo na predavanja za ribiče v smislu popisovanja ribje združbe v akvatoriju KPS predstavitve rezultatov ribičem in izvedencem.
Keywords: ekologija, morje, habitatni tipi, biocenoze, ribe, ribolov, Krajinski park Strunjan, paralelni transekti, ribištvo, vertikalni transekti, obalno morje, zavarovana morska območja, biodiverziteta
Published in DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Views: 160; Downloads: 429
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Keywords: bilevel optimization, evolutionary algorithms, pessimistic approach
Published in DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Views: 139; Downloads: 702
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Abstract: The analysis of historical data sets and the results obtained from field studies about the pressures exerted on coastal ecosystems in 18 sites of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea showed that : Inputs form Po and Danube rivers showed a high interannual variability. After an increase of eutrophication over the 70-80s, a decrease of nutrients inputs, especially of phosphate, was recorded since 1990. Positive impacts are seen on phytoplancton communities. In the vicinity of most coastal big cities the policy measures taken in order to reduce polluted water discharges show their effectiveness although some local issues still exist. Chemical contaminants levels decrease rapidly when the distance increase from point sources. However a large amount of coastal inputs is exported offshore. Attention should be paid to the fate and the impact of new emerging pollutants. At the basin scale, contaminant concentrations in biota show very different patterns depending on substances. For some substances, the biogeochemical background and the environmental conditions play a important role in the contamination of marine organisms. There is globally no evidence of neither degradation nor clear trends regarding seagrass meadows. The status of seagrass habitats is correlated to water quality. It can be concluded that human pressures have not affected seagrass meadows in a irreversible way. Seagrass habitats can recover (slowly) when pressures decrease. The rate of new introductions of Non Indigenous Species has been increasing at all coastal study areas after 2000. An increase of the Lessepsian species migration is seen, in link with climate change The analysis of 18 years of data about demersal fish communities showed a geographic variability in functional group (FG) biomass trends. Nearly half of the studied Mediterranean areas shows an increase of FG biomass. Changes respond mainly to nutrient inputs trends and to a lesser extent fishing pressure. Marine litter is increasing pressure on marine ecosystems. The majority of items were made of plastic often exceeding the global average of 75%. Some harmful effects on fauna are documented (birds, turtles…) but impact is poorly known. The lack of standardized methods for underwater noise measurements make difficult to assess the level of the pressure and the impact on marine ecosystems.
Keywords: sea, water directive, marine strategy framework directive, population dynamics, Gulf of Trieste, jellyfish, PERSEUS, environmental parameters
Published in DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Views: 168; Downloads: 644
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Abstract: Research on the metabolic physiology of groundwater species, particularly regarding oxygen consumption rates (OCR), has made significant advancement, revealing valuable insights into the adaptations of exclusively groundwater-dwelling (stygobitic) species. However, a comprehensive understanding of how these metabolic rates scale with body mass and respond to temperature changes remains elusive. This study aims to bridge this gap by reviewing published data on OCR across a variety of groundwater organisms to elucidate patterns of metabolic rates in relation to body size and temperature. We employed a combination of literature review and quantitative analyses, focusing on the allometric scaling of OCR with body weight and the effect of temperature on metabolic rates. Our findings indicate that OCR scales with body weight in an allometric pattern, with an inter-species slope of 0.80, suggesting non-isometric scaling. Furthermore, our analysis showed that stygobitic species’ metabolic rates are less responsive to warming than those of non-stygobitic species at low to moderate temperatures. However, at higher temperatures, metabolic rates in stygobitic species decline faster than in non-stygobitic taxa, highlighting a potential vulnerability to global climate change. This study contributes to our understanding of the metabolic strategies of groundwater species, underscoring the need for further research to fully grasp the eco-evolutionary implications of these findings for groundwater conservation.
Keywords: allometry, Arrhenius equation, ectotherms, metabolism, oxygen consumption rate, respiration, stygobiont
Published in DiRROS: 13.09.2024; Views: 151; Downloads: 94
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