441. Recommendation for the unit of measurement and the measuring system to report traceable and comparable results expressing GM content in accordance with EU legislationPhilippe Corbisier, Dejan Štebih, 2017, final research report Abstract: It is important to guarantee that results expressing the GM content are reliable, comparable and fulfil the requirements of existing EU legislation. The use of different measurement units to express a GM content, the appearance of new analytical methods that do not require a calibrant and the composite EU legislation on GMOs have triggered the need for a document to clarify how to obtain reliable and comparable results.
For this guidance document, past and current EU legislations have been reviewed with a special emphasis on what is meant by 'GM percentage' in the different legal texts. The metrological traceability of measurement results and the currently available guidance are explained and summarised. The particular case of botanical impurities and the genetic constitution of GM seeds are described and illustrated to better understand the complexity hidden behind this type of analysis. An overview of the different analytical methods based on DNA measurements and used for the expression of quantitative GM content results is provided, including the use of new techniques based on digital PCR (dPCR).
A measuring system that allows for comparing results by making them traceable to the same reference system has been elaborated in detail. Needs and tools are described and a solution has been proposed to convert results expressing GM content to the required measurement unit, whenever this is needed.
By following these recommendations, results obtained in GM copy number per haploid genome equivalent (cp/HGE) by dPCR can be converted into mass fraction percentage and compared to the results obtained by quantitative PCR (qPCR) either with a calibrant certified for its GM mass fraction or with a calibrant certified for its GM purity.
The general principle is to relate a measurement result to a GM quantity embedded in a specified certified reference material (CRM) either directly or via one single conversion factor (CF) per event. This conversion factor and its related uncertainty need to be determined precisely for each CRM batch, preferably on the pure GM CRM (100 %), using, for example, dPCR. The estimated uncertainty associated with this conversion factor must be integrated into the measurement uncertainty of the final results expressed in GM mass fraction.
CF are currently not yet established for most CRMs. CF values have been recently reported in a few pioneer dPCR studies. However, such proof of concept studies remain incomplete. Therefore, to avoid a gap between new technologies and current EU regulation, the working group recommends to launch a dedicated study to determine CF values on CRMs. Such a study should involve a limited number of competent laboratories with a proven experience in dPCR. The study could be coordinated by the EURL-GMFF.
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 161; Downloads: 102
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442. Protection study for Ulcinj Salina : final versionAndrej Sovinc, Davorin Tome, Michael Hošek, 2017, final research report Abstract: Ulcinj salina is situated in the outermost southern part of Montenegro and covers slightly less than 14.5 km2 of salty basins (total surface area is 1.477 ha). The salina is 1 km from the city of Ulcinj and from the Albanian border.
Ulcinj salina is located on the site of the former lagoon and wetland in the delta of the River Bojana. The works on amelioration of the former wetland area started in 1913. That is when the wetland was connected with the sea by the Port Milena channel and isolated itself from the Bojana River with a dike. In 1920 the decision to start with the establishment of the salina in Ulcinj was made. The salina was concluded in 1934 and the first harvesting of salt was done in 1935. The Ulcinj salina was created from the sea and represents a "cultural lagoon" and a man-made landscape. It is surrounded by channels that drain the nearby marshes and “knetas” (adjoining marshlands), not allowing their water to mix with the water from the salina. The channels take the water into the Port Milena canal and then into the sea.
The technological process of production was upgraded in the 1970s with construction of the refinery and with attempts to expand the production, both by enlarging the territory of the salina and use of industrial production between 1984 and 1994. Yearly production of salt before the above-mentioned attempts to expand the production (in the period 1935 to 1983) was highly dependent on the weather conditions and organisation of work; a maximum of 41.240 tons of salt was produced in 1952. A combination of manually collected salt and the salt produced through industrial process in the newly constructed factory in the years 1984 to 1994 led to a maximum yearly production of 59.353 tons. By contrast, the production in the last years of production (2003 to 2013) was dramatically lower, reaching on average only around 17.000 tons per year.
Ulcinj salina has very hot summers, moderately warm autumns and springs, and mild winters with temperatures only rarely below zero. On average, the most rain falls in autumn and winter, summers are two to three times more dry. Year-on-year and within years, changes in the amount of rain can be significant. Powerful pumps are essential for assuring constant water levels in basins which supports the maintenance of the ecological character of the area. The absence of salt production and consequent changes in water management have caused changes in water salinity, water regime and consequently changes in biodiversity.
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 169; Downloads: 377
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443. Monitoring populacij izbranih ciljnih vrst hroščev v letih 2016 in 2017 : Carabus variolosus, Lucanus cervus, Rosalia alpina, Morimus funereus, Osmoderma eremita, Cucujus cinnaberinus, Graphoderus bilineatusAl Vrezec, Špela Ambrožič Ergaver, Andrej Kapla, 2017, final research report Abstract: V končnem poročilu so predstavljeni rezultati terenskih raziskav štirih varstveno pomembnih vrst hroščev v Sloveniji v letu 2016. Za močvirskega krešiča (Carabus variolosus), rogača (Lucanus cervus), alpskega kozlička (Rosalia alpina) in bukovega kozlička (Morimus funereus) je v Sloveniji že vzpostavljena shema populacijskega in distribucijskega monitoringa. V tem poročilu so podani rezultati popisov populacijskega in distribucijskega monitoringa v letu 2016. V tem letu smo izvedli vzorčenja za populacijski monitoring za močvirskega krešiča (deseto snemanje), rogača (deseto snemanje), alpskega (deveto snemanje) in bukovega kozlička (osmo snemanje) ter vzorčenja za distribucijski monitoring za močvirskega krešiča in rogača (četrto leto v tretjem petletnem ciklusu). Dodatno so glede na najnovejše raziskave podani predlogi izboljšanja sheme monitoringa za rogača in alpskega kozlička. V poročilu so predstavljeni rezultati popisa v letih 2016 in 2017 za dopolnitev strokovnih podlag za puščavnika (Osmoderma eremita) in škrlatnega kukuja (Cucujus cinnaberinus). Za obe vrsti sta podani tudi predlogi sheme monitoringa. V okviru naloge smo opravili pregled vodnega telesa v Spodnjem Krapju in pet vodnih teles ob reki Muri za namene ugotavljanja prisotnosti ovratniškega plavača (Graphoderus bilineatus). Vrsto smo v letu 2017 zopet potrdili ob reki Muri in sicer v Murski šumi, kar je nova lokacija za vrsto v Sloveniji, ne pa tudi v mrtvici pri Spodnjem Krapju, ki je bila do nedavna edina recentna lokaliteta za vrsto pri nas, kjer je bil ovratniški plavač potrjen v letu 2011
Keywords: monitoring, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 220; Downloads: 111
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444. Innovative technology for cyanobacterial bloom control : LIFE Stop CyanoBloomMaja Zupančič Justin, Marko Gerl, Gorazd Lakovič, Bojan Sedmak, Tinkara Rozina, Neža Finžgar, Maja Čič, Mario Marinovič, Luka Teslić, Jošt Grum, Maša Čater, Tina Eleršek, Andrej Meglič, Andrey Yakuntsov, Lovro Pokorn, Tomaž Kralj, Matjaž Berčon, Branko Hamiti, 2017, final research report Abstract: Despite the efforts invested into measures to prevent water eutrophication, like prevention and treatment of point and dispersed discharges, the eutrophication still occurs. One of the unwanted consequences of eutrophic water state is the occurrence of excessive cyanobacterial blooms. Mass occurrence of cyanobacteria is a significant health risk related to surface waters in EU and worldwide since most of the cyanobacterial genera produce cyanotoxins. Besides toxicity, cyanobacterial blooms cause an increase in the turbidity of water and create taste and odour problems. All mentioned represents substantial economic losses in sectors like aquaculture, tourism, drinking water facilities and indirect losses due to increased healthcare expenditures and environmental degradation. It is, therefore, necessary to find appropriate solutions for rapid detection and also in-lake prevention of bloom occurrence despite, for example, existing high eutrophic conditions in the water body. The proposed project represents such a solution.
In the frame of the LIFE Stop CyanoBloom project, we have designed two solar powered robotic vessels for the in-lake detection and control of cyanobacterial proliferation. Each vessel is capable of three-dimensional localisation of cyanobacteria by measuring fluorescence of pigments involved in the process of photosynthesis. The vessels are additionally equipped with electrochemical cells using boron doped diamond electrodes fixed on board, producing short-lived hydroxyl radicals, which prevent cyanobacterial proliferation as well as cyanotoxins inactivation. Hydroxyl radicals cause different levels of damages to cyanobacterial cells as well as stress, that may also result in phage induced cyanobacterial lysis. Natural control of cyanobacterial density by lytic cyanophages is known for several years. The mixing of water during the electrolytic cell operation also increases the potential contacts of cyanobacteria with cyanophages, disturbs cyanobacterial buoyancy and generates additional nutrients for nontoxic phytoplankton population. Additional newly developed equipment of the vessel allows advanced automated navigation (automatic docking, avoiding obstacles, maintaining the position in windy conditions, etc.), sampling from different depths, real-time data transfer, statistical analysis and graphical presentation using the adequate software.
Keywords: cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial blooms, cyanotoxins, health risk
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 207; Downloads: 715
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446. Detection, Interpretation and Reporting on the presence of authorised and unauthorised genetically modified materialsIlaria Ciabatti, Jana Žel, 2017, final research report Abstract: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products derived thereof have been commercialised on the food and feed market for more than twenty years. Many countries in the world have introduced legislative requirements for the authorization, traceability and labelling of GMOs, but the regulatory framework may differ from country to country. Various factors, including commercial interests, drive the request of developing companies for the authorisation and marketing of GMOs in specific areas of the world. This leads to the situation where a certain GM event may have different authorisation statuses in different countries (what is sometimes referred to as “asynchronous GMO approval”).
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 195; Downloads: 186
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447. On G-Drazin partial order in ringsGregor Dolinar, Bojan Kuzma, Janko Marovt, Dijana Mosić, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: We extend the concept of a G-Drazin inverse from the set $M_n$ of all $n \times n$ complex matrices to the set ${\cal R}^D$ of all Drazin invertible elements in a ring ${\cal R}$ with identity. We also generalize a partial order induced by G-Drazin inverses from $M_n$ to the set of all regular elements in ${\cal R}^D$, study its properties, compare it to known partial orders, and generalize some known results.
Keywords: Drazin inverse, core-nilpotent decomposition, partial order, annihilator, ring
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 209; Downloads: 101
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449. Terensko kartiranje morskih habitatnih tipov Natura 2000 v slovenskem morju : končno poročiloLovrenc Lipej, Borut Mavrič, Milijan Šiško, Domen Trkov, Martina Orlando-Bonaca, 2018, final research report Abstract: Namen javnega naročila “Kartiranje morskih habitatnih tipov Natura 2000 v slovenskem morju” je pridobivanje kakovostnih podatkov o habitatnih tipih v sklopu Natura 2000 v slovenskem delu Jadranskega morja. V okviru naloge je bilo zastavljeno kartiranje habitatnih tipov HT 1110 (peščeno in detritno dno pravega obalnega pasu – sandbanks slightly covered with water all the time), HT 1120 (podmorski travnik s pozejdonko – Posidonia beds) in HT 1170 (morski grebeni - reefs) na 4 območjih in sicer pred rtom Ronek in pred Debelim rtičem, na predelu peščin na Debelem rtiču, na območju med Žusterno in Izolo ter na predelu med Strunjanom in Fieso. Ti podatki bodo uporabni za poročanje v skladu z Direktivo 92/43 EGS o habitatih. Za dosego tega cilja smo izbrali standardne in uveljavljene metode, ki smo jih kombinirali z modernimi tehnikami.
V faznem poročilu smo poročali o obsegu opravljenega kartiranja in preliminarnih rezultatih ter navedli osnutek metodologije za kartiranje morskih habitatov in habitatnih tipov. V tem poročilu pa poročamo o končnih rezultatih kartiranja habitatnih tipov, navajamo predloge za izbor deskriptorjev in vzorčevalnih metod ter podajamo nekatera priporočila za učinkovito spremljanje stanja.
Keywords: poročila, morja, ekologija
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 212; Downloads: 113
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450. Sodobna dognanja : 8. šola o ginekološkem raku2024, not set Abstract: Raki rodil predstavljajo pomemben zdravstveni izziv za ženske po vsem svetu. So raznovrstna skupina bolezni katere preživetje se močno razlikuje glede na prizadetost organa, razširjenost
bolezni, odgovora na zdravljenje in psihofizičnega stanja bolnice.
V zadnjih letih smo priča izjemnim napredkom na področju medicinske obravnave in zdravstvenih raziskav, ki so privedla do bistvenih izboljšav pri obravnavi bolnic z ginekološkim rakom. Sodobne metode zdravljenja ne le povečujejo možnosti za preživetje, temveč bistveno prispevajo k višji kakovosti življenja onkoloških bolnic. Z vlaganjem v raziskave in izobraževanje lahko dosežemo nove preboje, ki bodo koristili prihodnjim generacijam žensk.
Keywords: ginekologija, onkologija, ginekološka onkologija, zdravljenje, ginekološka kirurgija, radioterapija, imunoterapija, laserska terapija, plodnost, parenteralna prehrana, zborniki, elektronske knjige
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 197; Downloads: 99
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