741. Stress tolerance of three opportunistic black yeastsJanja Zajc, Cene Gostinčar, Metka Lenassi, Nina Gunde-Cimerman, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Many species of black yeasts can survive extremely harsh conditions and can quickly adapt to novel environments. These traits were proposed to have a role in the ability of some fungal species tocolonise indoor habitats inhospitable for majority of microorganisms, and to cause (opportunistic)infections in humans. In order to better understand the stress tolerance of black yeasts and thereby their opportunism, we focused our research on the three model black yeasts: the polyextremotolerant Au-reobasidium melanogenum and Exophiala dermatitidis, and the extremely halotolerant Hortaeawerneckii. These black yeasts are shown to thrive at temperatures, salinities, pH values and, H2O2 concentrations that inhibit growth of mesophilic species. Most importantly, unlike their close relatives they can not only grow, but also synthesize siderophores (E. dermatitidis) or degradeproteins (A. melanogenum) at 37 °C - traits that are crucial for pathogenesis in humans. These results support the hypothesis that the ability to cope with various environmental stresses is linked to the opportunistic behaviour of fungi. Therefore, better understanding of the connections between the stress-tolerant biology of black fungi and their ability to cause disease is needed, in particular due to their changing interactions with humans and their emerging pathogenicity.
Keywords: melanised fungi, temperature, NaCl, pH tolerance, ROS, oligotrophism, proteolytic activity, capsule
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 312; Downloads: 166
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742. "Only introduced" or "invasive" : spread of the alga Aulacoseira ambigua f. japonica from Asia to Africa and EuropeTina Eleršek, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Many non-native algal species are found in waters all over the world. Many terms are used to describe such organisms that have expanded their distribution. However, a unified model or concept remains to be defined, as how biological ‘invasions’ are seen depends on the perspective. Understanding invasive organisms is important for biodiversity, science policy and water management. During monitoring sampling at Slivniško Lake (Slovenia) in 2016, the curved diatom Aulacoseira ambigua f. japonica Tuji & D.M. Williams was identified. This species originates from Japan, from where it was described more than 100 years ago. The chronology of the published distributions of A. ambigua f. japonica defines its spread from Japan to Asia, then to western Russia and South Africa, and now to central Europe. This study provides further evidence that A. ambigua f. japonica has become established in Europe (Slovenia), as supported by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first qualitative and quantitative description of A. ambigua f. japonica in Europe. It has been suggested that the shape of these algal colonies is significant for the interpretation of ecological information, and indeed, also in the present case, spiral colonies were found in this eutrophic water body. Although curved cells and colonies can also be interpreted as (sub)populations or morphological variants, only detailed molecular studies can reveal if these also have taxonomic significance.
Keywords: algae, introduced species, invasive species, scanning electron microscopy
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 326; Downloads: 227
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743. First record of the nudibranch Marionia blainvillea (Risso, 1818) (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) for MontenegroVesna Mačić, Milica Jovanović, Domen Trkov, Lovrenc Lipej, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: One specimen belonging to the nudibranch Marionia blainvillea (Risso, 1818) was found crawling on the gorgonian Leptogorgia sarmentosa (Esper, 1789) at Sv. Nedjelja, Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro. This is the first record of the species for Montenegrin waters and the third for the Adriatic Sea.
Keywords: seaslug, coralligenous assemblage, Boka Kotorska, Montenegro
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 292; Downloads: 177
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744. Network modelling unravels mechanisms of crosstalk between ethylene and salicylate signalling in potatoŽiva Ramšak, Anna Coll Rius, Tjaša Stare, Oren Tzfadia, Špela Baebler, Yves Van de Peer, Kristina Gruden, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: To develop novel crop breeding strategies, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the interaction between plants and their pathogens. Network modeling represents a powerful tool that can unravel properties of complex biological systems. In this study, we aimed to use network modeling to better understand immune signaling in potato (Solanum tuberosum). For this, we first built on a reliable Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) immune signaling model, extending it with the information from diverse publicly available resources. Next, we translated the resulting prior knowledge network (20,012 nodes and 70,091 connections) to potato and superimposed it with an ensemble network inferred from time-resolved transcriptomics data for potato. We used different network modeling approaches to generate specific hypotheses of potato immune signaling mechanisms. An interesting finding was the identification of a string of molecular events illuminating the ethylene pathway modulation of the salicylic acid pathway through Nonexpressor of PR Genes1 gene expression. Functional validations confirmed this modulation, thus supporting the potential of our integrative network modeling approach for unraveling molecular mechanisms in complex systems. In addition, this approach can ultimately result in improved breeding strategies for potato and other sensitive crops.
Keywords: network modelling, potato, molecular biology
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 272; Downloads: 230
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745. First record of the meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801), in Slovenian coastal waters with additional records from the Croatian part of the Adriatic SeaBorut Mavrič, Branko Dragičević, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: One specimen of meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801), was caught by trawling in the waters off Slovenia on 24th November 2016 at the depth of cca. 20 m above sandy-muddy bottom. This is the fi rst record of this species for the Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea. Due to the fact that there are no wild populations in the Middle and North Adriatic and that remaining wild populations in the Southern Adriatic are scarce and small, the specimen is supposed to be an escapee from one of the mariculture facilities. Additional occurrences of this species from the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea are reported.
Keywords: meagre, farm escapee, Adriatic Sea, aquaculture
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 274; Downloads: 168
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746. A new genus and two new species of cave-dwelling cyclopoids (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the epikarst zone of Thailand and up-to-date keys to genera and subgenera of the Bryocyclops and Microcyclops groupsChaichat Boonyanusith, La-orsri Sanoamuang, Anton Brancelj, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Two obligate cave-dwelling species of cyclopoid copepods (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) were discovered inside caves in central Thailand. Siamcyclops cavernicolus gen. et sp. nov. was recognised as a member of a new genus. It resembles Bryocyclops jankowskajae Monchenko, 1972 from Uzbekistan (part of the former USSR). It differs from it by (1) lack of pointed triangular prominences on the intercoxal sclerite of the fourth swimming leg, (2) mandibular palp with three setae, (3) spine and setal formulae of swimming legs 3.3.3.2 and 5.5.5.5, respectively, and (4) specific shape of spermatophore. Metacyclops thailandicus sp. nov. resembles M. cushae Reid, 1991 from Louisiana (USA). It differs from it by (1) distal segment of the endopod of the fourth swimming leg with one apical spine, (2) the fifth swimming legs with one broad segment, (3) the spine formula of the distal segment of the exopod of the swimming legs 3.4.3.3, and (4) well developed anal operculum reaching articulation with caudal rami. Detailed descriptions of the habitats of the new species and up-to-date keys to the genera and subgenera of the Bryocyclops and Microcyclops groups are provided, along with an updated list of obligate groundwater species of Copepoda in Southeast Asia.
Keywords: Siamcyclops cavernicolus gen. et sp. nov., Metacyclops thailandicus sp. nov., stygobionts, groundwater environment, epikarstic drip
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 226; Downloads: 248
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748. Epibenthic macrofauna on an artificial reef of the Northern Adriatic Sea : a five-years photographic monitoringNicola Bettoso, Lisa Faresi, Ida Floriana Aleffi, Valentina Pitacco, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Artificial reefs (ARs) are man-made structures used with the aim of improving fisheries and increasing natural production of biological resources. In 2006 an AR made of three types of modules was sunk near an underwater sewage outfall. The objectives of the project were: (a) to use the AR to restock some target species of commercial interest and (b) to promote biodiversity in selected areas. The epibenthic macrofauna that had settled on this AR was annually monitored for five years (2007-2011) using non-destructive photographic methods. A total of 88 taxa from 8 phyla were identified, with a predominance of Porifera, Mollusca and Ascidiacea. Among the types of modules used to construct the AR, polyethylene panel nets were functional for bivalve settlement in the first year, whereas concrete structures seemed to perform best in promoting biodiversity in terms of species richness in the long term. Nevertheless, the 5-year monitoring period was too short to speculate on the stability or homeostasis of communities settled on the AR in terms of ecological succession.
Keywords: artificial reefs, macrozoobenthos, Adriatic Sea, photographic monitoring, marine biology, hydrobiology
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 528; Downloads: 260
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749. Improvement of the ecological status of the Cymodocea nodosa meadow near the Port of KoperMartina Orlando-Bonaca, Erik Lipej, Romina Bonaca, Leon Lojze Zamuda, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Seagrass beds are more or less the marine counterpart of tropical rainforests, and their health is related to different anthropogenic stressors, including navigation routes and port activities. In the Mediterranean Sea, Cymodocea nodosa is considered an effective indicator of environmental change, due to its universal distribution, sensitivity to various natural and anthropogenic pressures, and the measurability of the species’ responses to impacts. The aim of this study is to present the changes in the assessment of the ecological status of the C. nodosa meadow near the port of Koper, which was evaluated as Bad in 2018. The results show a significant improvement in the ecological status of the meadow, which can be attributed to a reduction in anthropogenic stressors.
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 259; Downloads: 249
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750. First record of the long-jawed squirrelfish Holocentrus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765) in the Adriatic SeaSaul Ciriaco, Marco Segarich, Vera Cirinà, Lovrenc Lipej, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: A specimen of Holocentrus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765) was observed, photographed and filmed for several days in August 2022 in the shallow rocky zone of the WWF Miramare marine protected area near Trieste (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic). This is the first record of this species in the Gulf of Trieste and in the Adriatic Sea, and the second in the Mediterranean Sea
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 477; Downloads: 230
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