| Title: | Stool mucosal immune protein–cytokine interconnections in children with autism spectrum disorder : an age-adjusted partial correlation analysis |
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| Authors: | ID Osredkar, Joško (Author)
ID Godnov, Uroš (Author)
ID Jekovec-Vrhovšek, Maja (Author)
ID Osredkar, Damjan (Author)
ID Avguštin, Gorazd (Author)
ID Fabjan, Teja (Author)
ID Kumer, Kristina (Author) |
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| Files: |  PDF - Presentation file, download (604,78 KB)
MD5: 2B5F21B0794703F0D4043E5B0A7C8780
 URL - Source URL, visit https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/16/7097
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  UKC LJ - Ljubljana University Medical Centre
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| Abstract: | Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit gut mucosal immune alterations, but the co-regulatory architecture linking stool immune proteins and cytokines within the same cohort remains unstudied. In 115 children (74 ASD, 41 controls; age 5–18 years), seven stool immune proteins (IgA subclasses, α1-antitrypsin and calprotectin subunits) were quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS and ten by Luminex—chemokines eotaxin/CCL11 and IL-8/CXCL8 plus eight cytokines—each normalised to total protein. Age-adjusted partial Spearman correlations were computed for all 70 protein–cytokine pairs per stratum, using Benjamini–Hochberg correction, bootstrap confidence intervals and Fisher r-to-z tests. No pair survived FDR correction in any stratum. IgA1 and IL-1β/TP correlated positively across all strata (full cohort ρ = 0.409, 95% CI 0.131–0.634, n = 62; controls 0.583; ASD 0.210), with no significant between-group difference (Fisher z = 1.70, p = 0.090). Multiple imputation attenuated this to ρ = 0.265 (95% CI 0.055–0.452). An inverse trend between IL-1β/TP and CARS score (ρ = −0.336, n = 41) did not survive correction (p-FDR = 0.576). This power-limited, hypothesis-generating study identifies an exploratory IgA1–IL-1β mucosal axis present across groups, with no confirmed between-group difference. Adequately powered multi-centre studies are required. |
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| Keywords: | autism spectrum disorder, stool proteomics, cytokines, IgA, calprotectin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, IL-1β, gut mucosal immunity, partial Spearman correlation, Luminex |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Year of publishing: | 2026 |
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| Number of pages: | str 1-20 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 27, issue 16, [article no.] 7097 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-31855  |
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| UDC: | 616.896 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1422-0067 |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/ijms27167097 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 287333891 |
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| Note: | Nasl. z nasl. zaslona;
Opis vira z dne 10. 8. 2026;
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 12.08.2026 |
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| Views: | 48 |
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| Downloads: | 21 |
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