| Title: | Chocolate and risk of chronic disease : a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis |
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| Authors: | ID Morze, Jakub (Author)
ID Schwedhelm, Carolina (Author)
ID Benčič, Aleksander (Author)
ID Hofmann, Georg (Author)
ID Boeing, Heiner (Author)
ID Przybylowicz, Katarzyna (Author)
ID Schwingshackl, Lukas (Author) |
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| Files: |  URL - Source URL, visit https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00394-019-01914-9
 PDF - Presentation file, download (686,65 KB)
MD5: 3EFBD1DF5BDFB30F16150BE66E67920D
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  NIB - National Institute of Biology
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| Abstract: | Purpose
Evidence for the association between chocolate intake and risk of chronic diseases is inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize and evaluate the credibility of evidence on the dose-response association between chocolate consumption with risk of all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF), type 2 diabetes (T2D), colorectal cancer (CRC), and hypertension.
Methods
Prospective studies were searched until July 2018 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effects meta-analyses comparing highest versus lowest intake categories, linear, and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted. The credibility of evidence was evaluated with the NutriGrade scoring-system.
Results
Overall, 27 investigations were identified (n = 2 for all-cause mortality, n = 9 for CHD, n = 8 for stroke, n = 6 for HF, n = 6 for T2D, n = 2 for hypertension and CRC, respectively). No associations with HF (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94, 1.04) and T2D (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88, 1.01) per each 10 g/day increase in chocolate intake were observed in the linear dose-response meta-analyses. However, a small inverse association for each 10 g/daily increase could be shown for the risk of CHD (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.99), and stroke (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82, 0.98). The credibility of evidence was rated either very low (all-cause mortality, HF, T2D, CRC or hypertension) or low (CHD, stroke).
Conclusion
Chocolate consumption is not related to risk for several chronic diseases, but could have a small inverse association with CHD and stroke. Our findings are limited by very low or low credibility of evidence, highlighting important uncertainty for chocolate–disease associations. |
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| Keywords: | chocolate, meta-analysis, dose-response, credibility of evidence, chronic diseases |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Publication date: | 25.02.2020 |
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| Year of publishing: | 2020 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 389-397 |
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| Numbering: | 59, 1 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-19537  |
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| UDC: | 577 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1436-6215 |
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| DOI: | 10.1007/s00394-019-01914-9 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 33538819 |
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| Note: | Nasl. z nasl. zaslona;
Opis vira z dne 21. 10. 2020;
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 22.07.2024 |
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| Views: | 879 |
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| Downloads: | 549 |
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