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Abstract: Alkali activation is a chemical process whereby materials rich in aluminosilicate, which dissolves in basic media at room temperature, form binding phases by polycondensation. The alkali- activated materials (AAM) are a promising alternative to binding materials such as cement or other products in civil engineering (van Deventer et al., 2012). This study investigates the early age shrinkage behavior of Slovenian ladle and electric arc furnace slag - based alkali activated materials at different curing temperatures. The dimensions of specimens cured at room temperature and elevated temperatures up to 90 °C were measured over the first 7 hours (every 10 min). The results show that the most shrinkage occurred at the highest temperature, owing to the highest rate of evaporation of liquid content. Loss of mass follows from the drying shrinkage.
Keywords: alkali activated materials, shrinkage, compressive strength
Published in DiRROS: 01.03.2024; Views: 116; Downloads: 80
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Abstract: The production of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) is known for its environmentally friendly processing method, where several amorphous-rich aluminosilicate material sources combine with an alkali media solution to form solid, ceramic-like materials. In terms of the Si:Al, Na(K):Al, and Na(K):H2O ratios, the theory of AAM formation is quite well developed, but some open questions in the technology process remain, especially with regards to the means of curing, where the generation of defects can be persistent. Knowing that deformation is extremely high in the early ages, this study investigates the effects of temperature and moisture on shrinkage behavior within the first 72 h of AA pastes made from ladle (LS) and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag and activated by sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). The method to determine the deformation of alkali-activated slag-based materials, in terms of both autogenous and drying shrinkage, was based on the modified ASTM C1698-19 standard for the measurement of autogenous shrinkage in cement pastes. Autogenous deformation and strain were measured in four samples, using the standard procedure at room temperature, 40 and 60°C. Furthermore, using an adjusted method, nine samples were characterized for strain and partial surface pressure, while drying at room temperature, 40, or 60°C at a relative humidity of 30 or 90%. The results show that the highest rate of autogenous shrinkage occurred at a temperature of 60°C, followed by drying shrinkage at 60°C and 30% relative humidity, owing to the fact that the rate of evaporation was highest at this moisture content. The study aimed to provide guidance regarding selection of the optimal curing set in order to minimize deformations in slag-based alkali-activated materials. In the present case, curing at a temperature of around 40°C under lower moisture conditions for the first 24 h provided optimal mechanical properties for the slags investigated. The methodology might also be of use for other aluminosilicate sources such as metakaolin, fly ash, and mineral wool–based alkali-activated materials.
Keywords: alkali-activated materials, slag, drying, autogenous shrinkage, partial surface pressure, curing deformation
Published in DiRROS: 03.07.2023; Views: 382; Downloads: 138
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