41. Towards a better early detection and rapid response system against invasive alien species in forestsMaarten De Groot, Jana Kus Veenvliet, Nikica Ogris, Aleksander Marinšek, Lado Kutnar, 2020, preface, editorial, afterword Keywords: invasive alien species, plant health, tree health, forest health, early warning, rapid response
Published in DiRROS: 16.11.2020; Views: 1506; Downloads: 827
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42. Eutypella parasitica and other frequently isolated fungi in wood of dead branches of young Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in SloveniaAna Brglez, Barbara Piškur, Nikica Ogris, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Eutypella parasitica R.W. Davidson and R.C. Lorenz is the causative agent of Eutypella canker of maple, a destructive disease of maples in Europe and North America. The fungus E. parasitica infects the trunk through a branch stub or bark wound. Because the fungal community may have an impact on infection and colonization by E. parasitica, the composition of fungi colonizing wood of dead branches of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) was investigated in five sampling sites in Slovenia. Forty samples from each sampling site were collected between the November 2017 and March 2018 period. Isolations were made from the wood in the outer part of dead branches and from discoloured wood in the trunk that originated from a dead branch. Pure cultures were divided into morphotypes, and one representative culture per morphotype was selected for further molecular identification. From a total of 2700 cultured subsamples, 1744 fungal cultures were obtained, which were grouped into 212 morphotypes. The investigated samples were colonized by a broad spectrum of fungi. The most frequently isolated species were Eutypa maura (Fr.) Sacc., Eutypa sp. Tul. and C. Tul., Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., Neocucurbitaria acerina Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones and K.D. Hyde and E. parasitica. In this study, we distinguished species diversity and the fungal community. There were no significant differences in the diversity of fungal species between the five sampling sites, and branch thickness did not prove to be a statistically significant factor in fungal species diversity. Nevertheless, relatively low Jaccard similarity index values suggested possible differences in the fungal communities from different sampling sites. This was confirmed by an analysis of similarities, which showed that the isolated fungal community distinctly differed between the five sampling sites and between the different isolation sources. Eutypella parasitica was isolated from all five investigated sampling sites, although Eutypella cankers were observed in only three sampling sites, indicating the possibility of asymptomatic infection.
Keywords: fungal composition, invasive species, diversity, fungal communities, molecular identification, frequencies, Jaccard similarity index, Eutypella parasitica, analysis of similarities, colonization
Published in DiRROS: 26.05.2020; Views: 2243; Downloads: 1282
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43. Možnosti zaznavanja drevesnih vrst v okviru Monitoringa gozdov in gozdnih ekosistemovAnže Martin Pintar, Robert Brus, Mitja Skudnik, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Analizirali smo možnosti zaznavanja drevesnih vrst v okviru Monitoringa gozdov in gozdnih ekosistemov (MGGE) s poudarkom na manjšinskih in tujerodnih drevesnih vrstah ter možnosti zaznavanja razlik v pestrosti drevesnih vrst med posameznimi ekološkimi regijami. Zaznavanje minoritetnih in tujerodnih drevesnih vrst bi lahko izboljšali z obsežnejšim šifrantom drevesnih vrst, katerega dopolnitve smo predlagali. Take drevesne vrste bi zajeli z večjo verjetnostjo pri gostejši vzorčni mreži od obstoječe (4 km % 4 km). Opozorili smo tudi na pomen pravilne determinacije drevesne vrste na vzorčni ploskvi. V okviru MGGE smo ugotovili razlike v pestrosti drevesnih vrst med ekološkimi regijami; kot najpestrejša se je pokazala submediteranska ekološka regija.
Keywords: monitoring gozdov, gozdna inventura, seznam drevesnih vrst, manjšinske drevesne vrste, tujerodne drevesne vrste, pestrost drevesnih vrst, tree species diversity, non-native tree species
Published in DiRROS: 02.05.2020; Views: 2552; Downloads: 752
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44. Comparing observer performance in vegetation records by efficiency graphs derived from rarefaction curvesWalter Seidling, Leena Hamberg, František Máliš, Maija Salemaa, Lado Kutnar, Janusz Czerepko, Thomas Kompa, Václav Buriánek, Jean-Luc Dupouey, Anna Vodálová, Roberto Canullo, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Species richness is a key variable in measuring diversity of ecological communities. It is crucial to get reliable estimates for the number of plant species in space (mapping) and % even more important in the context of monitoring % over time. Therefore, knowledge on error rates related to recordings of species numbers should be considered in such inventories. The performance of observers in four field tests to capture species numbers carried out in forest ecosystems in central and southern Europe were compared. Observer-related species accumulation (rarefaction) curves and derived efficiency curves were analysed, resulting in mean error rates of 29.7% and 39.4% over series of plots sized 4m2 and 100m2 respectively. As a new approach individual rarefaction and efficiency curves reveal site-specific and spatially differentiated capabilities of observers to register plant species. Since expertise and individual searching strategies are difficult to parametrise, reasons for variation in error rates remain largely unknown. However, statistical modelling with site- and scale-specific mean error rates gave an overview on important influential factors like location, scale, spatial integration, and their interactions. Our results underline the importance to incorporate specific training and inter-comparison measures in monitoring programs and critical perception of results on temporal changes of species richness.
Keywords: species richness, observer error, overlooking rate, misidentification rate, singleton species, ICP Forests
Published in DiRROS: 20.02.2020; Views: 1753; Downloads: 710
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45. Consistency of impact assessment protocols for non-native speciesPablo González-Moreno, Lorenzo Lazzaro, Montserrat Vila, Cristina Preda, Tim Adriaens, Sven Bacher, Giuseppe Brundu, Gordon H. Copp, Franz Essl, Nikica Ogris, 2019, original scientific article Abstract: Standardized tools are needed to identify and prioritize the most harmful non-native species (NNS). A plethora of assessment protocols have been developed to evaluate the current and potential impacts of non-native species, but consistency among them has received limited attention. To estimate the consistency across impact assessment protocols, 89 specialists in biological invasions used 11 protocols to screen 57 NNS (2614 assessments). We tested if the consistency in the impact scoring across assessors, quantified as the coefficient of variation (CV), was dependent on the characteristics of the protocol, the taxonomic group and the expertise of the assessor. Mean CV across assessors was 40%, with a maximum of 223%. CV was lower for protocols with a low number of score levels, which demanded high levels of expertise, and when the assessors had greater expertise on the assessed species. The similarity among protocols with respect to the final scores was higher when the protocols considered the same impact types. We conclude that all protocols led to considerable inconsistency among assessors. In order to improve consistency, we highlight the importance of selecting assessors with high expertise, providing clear guidelines and adequate training but also deriving final decisions collaboratively by consensus.
Keywords: environmental impact, expert judgement, invasive alien species policy, management prioritization, risk assessment, socio-economic impact
Published in DiRROS: 03.04.2019; Views: 2356; Downloads: 1088
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46. Structure, development and growth of selection forests at the Granata research siteMatej Reščič, Andrej Bončina, 2007, original scientific article Abstract: The Granata research site was established for the study of structure, growth and regeneration of silver fir-European beech single stem selection forest. Three phytocoenological relevés were carried out, all trees ?5 cm diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) were measured by full callipering, tree growth was analysed for sample trees, regeneration of tree species was registered on 63 sampling plots. In addition, historical data from past forest inventories werestudied. In the period from 1952 to 2003, the share of silver fir has decreased from 86% to 26%, the share of Norway spruce increased significantly,whereas the share of beech and sycamore has slightly increased. The current growing stock amounts to 350 m3 ha-1, with large-size diameter trees (d.b.h. ?50 cm) representing 51% of total growing stock. The site is divided into 16 stand patches with significant differences in tree species composition and diameter distribution. Regeneration is sufficient with silver fir prevailing in total number of seedlings (42%). 23% of all seedlings are damaged as a result of game browsing.
Keywords: selection forest, plenterwald, selection system management, stand structure, tree species composition, regeneration, diameter distribution
Published in DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Views: 4949; Downloads: 2088
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47. An overview of alien Diptera in SloveniaMaarten De Groot, 2013, original scientific article Abstract: The nonindigenous Diptera occurring in Slovenia are overviewed based on literature data. In total, 18 species belonging to eight Diptera families are alien to Slovenia. Most of the species originate from North America and continental Asia. The first record of an alien Diptera species (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae)) was made in 1959, but the bulk of the species were recorded for the first time in the last two decennia. Most of the species were found in the pre-Alpine and sub-Mediterranean regions. The distribution and abundance of the alien Diptera are not fully known, as in most cases only the first observations were published. Most of the species are phytophagous and are known pests in agriculture and forestry. A list of expected nonindigenous Diptera species for Slovenia is given. It is suggested that a monitoring system should be developed in order to understand the population dynamics and the impact of the alien species on the ecosystem and economy.
Keywords: fauna, Diptera, nonindigenous species, Slovenia
Published in DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Views: 3317; Downloads: 951
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49. Molecular basis of the functional differences between soluble human versus murine MD-2 : role of Val [sup] 135 in transfer of lipopolysaccharide from CD14 to MD-2Jožica Vašl, Alja Oblak, Tina Tinkara Peternelj, Javier Klett, Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría, Theresa L. Gioannini, Jerrold P. Weiss, Roman Jerala, 2016, original scientific article Keywords: MD-2, TLR-4, species specificity, innate immunology
Published in DiRROS: 10.11.2016; Views: 5024; Downloads: 1104
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