1. Physiological and transcriptional responses to saline irrigation of young ‘Tempranillo’ vines grafted onto different rootstocksIgnacio Buesa, Juan G. Pérez-Pérez, Fernando Visconti, Rebeka Strah, Diego S. Intrigliolo, Luis Bonet, Kristina Gruden, Maruša Pompe Novak, Jose M. de Paz, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The use of more salt stress-tolerant vine rootstocks can be a sustainable strategy for adapting traditional grapevine cultivars to future conditions. However, how the new M1 and M4 rootstocks perform against salinity compared to conventional ones, such as the 1103-Paulsen, had not been previously assessed under real field conditions. Therefore, a field trial was carried out in a young ‘Tempranillo’ (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard grafted onto all three rootstocks under a semi-arid and hot-summer Mediterranean climate. The vines were irrigated with two kinds of water: a non-saline Control with EC of 0.8 dS m–1 and a Saline treatment with 3.5 dS m–1. Then, various physiological parameters were assessed in the scion, and, additionally, gene expression was studied by high throughput sequencing in leaf and berry tissues. Plant water relations evidenced the osmotic effect of water quality, but not that of the rootstock. Accordingly, leaf-level gas exchange rates were also reduced in all three rootstocks, with M1 inducing significantly lower net photosynthesis rates than 1103-Paulsen. Nevertheless, the expression of groups of genes involved in photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism pathways were not significantly and differentially expressed. The irrigation with saline water significantly increased leaf chloride contents in the scion onto the M-rootstocks, but not onto the 1103P. The limitation for leaf Cl– and Na+ accumulation on the scion was conferred by rootstock. Few processes were differentially regulated in the scion in response to the saline treatment, mainly, in the groups of genes involved in the flavonoids and phenylpropanoids metabolic pathways. However, these transcriptomic effects were not fully reflected in grape phenolic ripeness, with M4 being the only one that did not cause reductions in these compounds in response to salinity, and 1103-Paulsen having the highest overall concentrations. These results suggest that all three rootstocks confer short-term salinity tolerance to the scion. The lower transcriptomic changes and the lower accumulation of potentially phytotoxic ions in the scion grafted onto 1103-Paulsen compared to M-rootstocks point to the former being able to maintain this physiological response in the longer term. Further agronomic trials should be conducted to confirm these effects on vine physiology and transcriptomics in mature vineyards. Keywords: osmotic adjustment, gas exchange, gene expression, water relations, Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine), salinity tolerance Published in DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Views: 134; Downloads: 106
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2. FooDis : a food-disease relation mining pipelineGjorgjina Cenikj, Tome Eftimov, Barbara Koroušić-Seljak, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Nowadays, it is really important and crucial to follow the new biomedical knowledge that is presented in scientific literature. To this end, Information Extraction pipelines can help to automatically extract meaningful relations from textual data that further require additional checks by domain experts. In the last two decades, a lot of work has been performed for extracting relations between phenotype and health concepts, however, the relations with food entities which are one of the most important environmental concepts have never been explored. In this study, we propose FooDis, a novel Information Extraction pipeline that employs state-of-the-art approaches in Natural Language Processing to mine abstracts of biomedical scientific papers and automatically suggests potential cause or treat relations between food and disease entities in different existing semantic resources. A comparison with already known relations indicates that the relations predicted by our pipeline match for 90% of the food-disease pairs that are common in our results and the NutriChem database, and 93% of the common pairs in the DietRx platform. The comparison also shows that the FooDis pipeline can suggest relations with high precision. The FooDis pipeline can be further used to dynamically discover new relations between food and diseases that should be checked by domain experts and further used to populate some of the existing resources used by NutriChem and DietRx. Keywords: text mining, relation extraction, named entity recognition, named entity linking, food-disease relations Published in DiRROS: 25.05.2023; Views: 529; Downloads: 280
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3. An exploration of the Christian-Muslim landscape in modern Syria and the contribution of Eastern Christian thought to interreligious dynamicsAndrew Ashdown, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: This paper considers Christian-Muslim relations in modern Syria and the im-portance that eastern Christian thought can make to the interreligious context within the Middle East. It briefly describes the diverse historical and contempo-rary Christian and Muslim religious landscapes that have cohabited and interacted within the country and the cultural, religious, and political issues that have im-pacted the interreligious dynamic. Based on fieldwork undertaken in government-held areas during the Syrian conflict, combined with critical historical and Christian theological reflection, the article contributes to understanding Syria’s diverse religious landscape and the multi-layered expressions of Christian-Muslim relations, in a way that has not been previously attempted. providing insights into interreligious praxis prior to the conflict and in its midst, the article contributes to an understanding of the ef-fect of conflict on interreligious relationships. The article considers the unique contribution of eastern Christianity to the Christian-Muslim dynamic and concludes that the significance of the theology and spirituality of the ‘Antiochene’ paradigm has been under-recognised in west-ern discourse and that, having coexisted within the cultural environment of Islam, it is uniquely placed to play a major role in Christian-Muslim dialogue and the reframing of Islam’s engagement with modern society.This article contributes therefore to knowledge and understanding of the changing Christian-Muslim dynamic in Syria and the neighbouring region; a new understanding of the religious landscape; and a door to exploring how eastern Christian approaches to Christian-Muslim relations may be sustained and strengthened in the face of the considerable religious and political challenges faced by both communities today. Keywords: Middle East, Syria, Christian-Muslim relations, Eastern Christianity Published in DiRROS: 11.05.2022; Views: 683; Downloads: 452
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4. Struggles and dilemmas of Uyghur immigrants in TurkeyMettursun Beydulla, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The social and economic integration of the Uyghurs into Turkish society reflec-ts a problem to which policy makers have not yet found a response. Marginalized by the larger society and separated by linguistic differences and cultural and social life-styles, a significant proportion of Uyghurs, especially “newcomers” who have arrived since the 1980s, is in danger of becoming part of a “parallel society.” This is reinforced by exclusion, inferiorization and “otherness,” restricted educational achievements, uncertain citizenship, legal status limbo and low socioeconomic status. Pro-Uyghur, pro-independence and anti-Chinese government mobiliza-tion in Turkey has attracted the attention of Chinese authorities for a long time, and this attention has in turn affected and shaped mobilization in Turkey. The Turkey-China relationship is involved as well. The main goals of Chinese policy and strategy in Turkey are the security of “Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region” (a.k.a. East Turkistan), access to natural resources, security of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and economic and technological investment. It means that China believes it must consolidate its control of “Xinjiang” (East Turkistan) and restrain the Uyghur independence movement in Turkey. China’s economic and technolo-gical power and investments in Turkey are not just increasing its influence; they are making Turkey far more reticent to speak out about Beijing’s abuses, systematic oppression and atrocities in the “Xinjiang” (East Turkistan). China’s geo-econo-mic strategy has resulted in political influence in Turkey that profoundly affects its Uyghur population. Keywords: Uyghur refugees, Uyghur immigration, integration, Uyghur dilemma, Turkish policy, Turkish and Chinese relations Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2022; Views: 714; Downloads: 451
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5. The perception of minorities toward the Turkish state : ǂthe ǂcase of ethno-religious communitiesAnna Maria Beylunioğlu, Özgür Kaymak, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The relationship between state and non-Muslim communities has been a de-licate issue since the founding of the Turkish Republic despite the principle of secularism stated in its constitution. Against this background, the association of national identity with Sunni-Islam has been the main marker of inclusion/exclusi-on for national identity. Especially since 2002 when the Justice and Development Party (JDP) came to power, the debate with regard to freedom of religion and the rights of religious minorities came to the fore. Over the course of decades there have been numerous studies approaching the state’s perspective towards religious minorities. However, there is a paucity of academic studies that focuses on citizen-ship experiences of the members of these communities through the course of their daily and social lives. In this article, we first provide a historical perspective of the state towards religious minorities from the establishment of the Republic until to-day, including the JDP period. In the second part of this study we aim to explore recasting perspectives of the non-Muslim minorities over the previous decade by taking the standpoint of the members of Greek Orthodox, Jews and Armenian communities. To this end, we conduct in-depth interviews with the members of these communities who reside in Istanbul. Finally, new negotiation fields which have been flourishing among these communities will be addressed. Keywords: national identity, non-Muslim minorities, ethno-religious identity, religion-state relations, freedom of religion, civil society Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2022; Views: 692; Downloads: 482
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6. The crumbling touchstone of the Vatican's ostpolitik : relations between the Holy see and Yugoslavia, 1970-1989Jure Ramšak, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Based on Yugoslav archival sources, the paper analyses the relationship between the Holy See and Yugoslavia as the only Eastern European socialist state with which the former had official diplomatic relations. The relationship between the Holy See and socialist Yugoslavia provides insight into the precarious position of the Catholic Church in Yugoslavia, but also into the issues and dilemmas that the Holy See faced in terms of its Ostpolitik towards Eastern European socialist regimes. The article initially centres on the parallels between the Holy See and the foreign policy agenda of non-aligned Yugoslavia, especially during the papacy of Paul VI, when both actors shared an understanding of the acute problems of the Global South. It then analyses the stance of the Holy See towards the Yugoslav domestic policy of self-management that claimed that this system could present a viable environment for the life of believers in modern socialist society. The analysis closes with an in-depth examination of the role of the Holy See in the process of convergence between religion and nationalism during the 1980s, in which the Vatican did not play as clear-cut a role as it has generally been ascribed and proved unable to tackle this formidable phenomenon. Keywords: Yugoslavia, Vatican, Roman catholic church, church and state, relations Published in DiRROS: 19.07.2021; Views: 1018; Downloads: 923
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