1751. Mono- and cross-lingual evaluation of representation language models on less-resourced languagesMatej Ulčar, Aleš Žagar, Carlos S. Armendariz, Andraž Repar, Senja Pollak, Matthew Purver, Marko Robnik Šikonja, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: The current dominance of large language models in natural language processing is based on their contextual awareness. For text classification, text representation models, such as ELMo, BERT, and BERT derivatives, are typically fine-tuned for a specific problem. Most existing work focuses on English; in contrast, we present a large-scale multilingual empirical comparison of several monolingual and multilingual ELMo and BERT models using 14 classification tasks in nine languages. The results show, that the choice of best model largely depends on the task and language used, especially in a cross-lingual setting. In monolingual settings, monolingual BERT models tend to perform the best among BERT models. Among ELMo models, the ones trained on large corpora dominate. Cross-lingual knowledge transfer is feasible on most tasks already in a zero-shot setting without losing much performance.
Keywords: monolingual models, multilingual models, ELMo, BERT, corpus, cross-lingual datasets
Published in DiRROS: 07.07.2025; Views: 331; Downloads: 215
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1752. Osteoclast-expanded supercharged NK cells perform superior antitumour effector functionsMeng-Wei Ko, Ao Mei, Emanuela Senjor, Milica Perišić, Janko Kos, Anahid Jewett, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Objective. Natural killer (NK) cells are the largest innate lymphocyte subset with potent antitumour and antiviral functions. However, clinical utilisation of human NK cells is hampered due to a lack of reliable methods to augment their antitumour potential. We demonstrated technology in which human NK cells were cocultured with osteoclasts in the presence of probiotic bacteria. This approach significantly augmented the antitumour cytotoxicity and polyfunctionality of human NK cells, resulting in the generation of supercharged NK (sNK) cells. Methods and analysis. We explored the proteomic, transcriptomic and functional characterisation of sNK cells using cell imaging, flow cytometric analysis, 51-chromium release cytotoxicity assay, ELISA, ELIspot, IsoPLexis single-cell secretome analysis, proteomic analysis, RNA analysis, western blot and enzyme kinetics. Results. We found that sNK cells were less susceptible to split anergy and tumour-induced exhaustion. Proteomic analyses revealed that sNK cells significantly increased their cell motility and proliferation. Single-cell transcriptomes uncovered sNK cells undertaking a unique differentiation trajectory and turning on STAT1, JUN, BHLHE40, ELF1, MAX and MYC regulons essential for augmenting antitumour effector functions and proliferation, respectively. Both proteomic and single-cell transcriptomes revealed that an increase in Cathepsin C helped to augment the quantity and function of Granzyme B. Conclusions. These results support that this unique method produces potent NK cells for clinical utilisation and delineate the molecular mechanisms associated with this process.
Keywords: antitumour function
Published in DiRROS: 07.07.2025; Views: 433; Downloads: 269
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1753. The exact region determined by Blomqvist’s beta, Spearman’s footrule and Gini’s gammaDamjana Kokol-Bukovšek, Blaž Mojškerc, 2026, original scientific article Keywords: copula, dependence concepts, supremum and infimum of a set of copulas, measures of concordance, quasi-copula, local bounds
Published in DiRROS: 07.07.2025; Views: 335; Downloads: 203
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1757. Influence of laser beam shape and post heat-treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel-based alloy IN718 manufactured by laser powder bed fusionMatjaž Godec, Narges Mirzabeigi, Črtomir Donik, Danijela Anica Skobir Balantič, Simon Malej, Irena Paulin, Bojan Podgornik, Jonas Grünewald, Tobias Novotny, Florian Bayer, Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda, Katrin Wudy, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This study examines the effect of Gaussian and ring-shaped laser beam profiles on the microstructural development and mechanical properties of the PBF-LB/M processed nickel-based alloy Inconel 718 in its as-built and post-heat-treated conditions. Beam shaping was employed to achieve a faster build rate without compromising material properties. One of the objectives was to optimise heat treatment conditions for the beam-shaped profile. The post-heat-treatment process included four different solution annealing temperatures (954 °C, 984 °C, 1034 °C and 1154 °C), followed by two-step ageing, respectively. The microstructure evolution was revealed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDS). The mechanical properties in all investigated conditions were evaluated based on tensile tests at room temperature. Using a Gaussian laser beam profile results in a fine-grained microstructure without a strong columnar orientation, while the ring beam profile produces a distinct columnar structure with larger nanodendritic grains and dislocation cells. Both beam profiles exhibit a similar proportion of Laves phase. After post-heat treatment, the Gaussian beam profile generally provides 3-7 % higher mechanical properties. The differences in mechanical properties between horizontal and vertical building directions are greater for ring-shaped laser beam profiles. Heat-treatment temperature above 1034 °C leads to recrystallisation, grain growth and the formation of carbonitrides which reduce mechanical properties. Based on the results, the proposed optimal heat-treatment temperature for both investigated laser beam shapes is 984 °C. At this temperature, tensile strength equalises between horizontal and vertical build directions while yield strength increases, which is beneficial for most applications.
Keywords: PBF-LB/M, beam shaping, IN718, heat treatment, mechanical properties
Published in DiRROS: 07.07.2025; Views: 495; Downloads: 252
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1760. Nevzdržna svoboda vzporednih svetovIgor Ž. Žagar, 2025, independent professional component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Prispevek je nadaljevanje besedila »Vzhodno od raja« z »drugimi sredstvi«. Če se prvo besedilo ukvarja z retorično optiko nasprotnikov poziva, skuša pričujoče besedilo osvetliti ideološko podstat te optike, vključno z vzroki za rusko-ukrajinsko vojno.
Keywords: mednarodni odnosi, geopolitika, etika, vojni konflikti, ZDA, Rusija, Ukrajina
Published in DiRROS: 07.07.2025; Views: 392; Downloads: 177
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