1691. Vloga fukozil- in sialiltransferaz pri rakavih obolenjih in procesu metastaziranjaTilen Čuš, Nina Kočevar Glavač, Janez Mravljak, 2025, review article Abstract: Rakave bolezni so eden izmed vodilnih vzrokov umrljivosti v razvitem svetu, pri čemer je 90 % smrti bolnikov z rakom povezanih z metastaziranjem. gre za zapleten proces, ki vključuje številne biokemične spremembe, med katerimi so pogoste tudi spremembe v celični glikozilaciji, zlasti sializaciji ter fukozilaciji. Ključno vlogo pri tem igrajo encimi sialil- in fukoziltransferaze, ki katalizirajo vezavo sialične kisline in fukoze na ustrezne substrate. Spremembe v njihovem izražanju opazimo pri številnih rakih, kjer lahko pripeljejo do sprememb v adheziji celic, proliferaciji, gibljivosti, ožiljenosti tumorja in izogibanju rakavih celic pred imunskim sistemom, kar lahko pomembno ojača metastatski potencial rakavih celic. hkrati je povišana aktivnost sialil- in fukoziltransferaz povezana s številnimi rakavimi boleznimi, kot so rak dojk, debelega črevesja in pankreasa. Razumevanje njihove vloge v fizioloških in patofizioloških stanjih tako ponuja nove možnosti v zdravljenju in diagnostiki.
Keywords: fukoziltransferaze, glikozilacija, sialiltransferaze
Published in DiRROS: 08.07.2025; Views: 407; Downloads: 149
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1692. Boj proti bakterijski odpornosti : ali so bakterijske topoizomeraze tipa II še zanimive tarče?Maša Zorman, Nikola Minovski, Marko Anderluh, Stanislav Gobec, Martina Hrast, 2025, review article Abstract: Topoizomeraze tipa II so pomembne tarče za proti - bakterijsko terapijo. Prvi zaviralci topoizomeraz tipa II, kinoloni in aminokumarini, so se na trgu pojavili že pred desetletji, vendar njihova uporabnost postopoma upada zaradi nizke učinkovitosti, neželenih učinkov in pojava bakterijske rezistence. Za premagovanje odpornosti in ohranjanje topoizomeraz kot zanimivih tarč, so ključne inovacije na tem področju – izboljšanje dosedanjih razredov učinkovin in odkrivanje novih tipov zaviralcev. V članku so predstavljeni različni razredi zaviralcev bakterijskih topoizomeraz, njihove prednosti in slabosti ter obeti za prihodnost.
Keywords: aminokumarini, novi zaviralci bakterijskih topoizomeraz, kinoloni, protibakterijska terapija, zaviralci topoizomeraze tipa II
Published in DiRROS: 08.07.2025; Views: 341; Downloads: 133
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1693. Infuzijske reakcije po parenteralni aplikaciji citostatikov na Onkološkem inštitutu Ljubljana med leti 2019-2023Andreja Eberl, Lea Kadiš, Mojca Kerec Kos, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Nekatera protitumorna zdravila, ki jih apliciramo parenteralno, predstavljajo tveganje za pojav infuzijskih reakcij, ki so pogost vzrok prekinitev zdravljenja pri bolnikih z rakom. Izvedli smo retrospektivno analizo infuzijskih reakcij na Onkološkem inštitutu Ljubljana med leti 2019 in 2023. V raziskavo smo vključili vse bolnike, ki so v navedenem časovnem obdobju med parenteralno aplikacijo citostatikov doživeli infuzijsko reakcijo. Med bolniki, ki so prejeli 14 različnih citostatičnih učinkovin, je bila infuzijska reakcija poročana v 403 primerih. Najvišjo incidenco infuzijskih reakcij (7,42 %) smo zabeležili pri pegilirani liposomalni obliki doksorubicina, najnižjo pa pri ciklofosfamidu (0,06 %). Infuzijske reakcije so bile pri antraciklinih in taksanih najpogostejše v prvem oziroma drugem ciklu terapije, pri platinovih spojinah pa v poznejših ciklih. Pri večini zdravilnih učinkovin, razen pri platinovih spojinah, so bolniki po pojavu infuzijske reakcije še isti dan nadaljevali s kemoterapijo, pri čemer so se infuzijske reakcije redko ponovile.
Keywords: incidenca, infuzijska reakcija, neželeni učinki, parenteralna kemoterapija
Published in DiRROS: 08.07.2025; Views: 320; Downloads: 125
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1694. Nanotehnološki pristopi za zdravljenje Alzheimerjeve bolezniSebastjan Nemec, Damijan Knez, Petra Kocbek, Slavko Kralj, 2025, review article Abstract: Alzheimerjeva bolezen je neozdravljiva nevrodegenerativna bolezen, za katero je značilno propadanje živčnih celic in izguba kognitivnih funkcij. Trenutno odobrena zdravila naslavljajo predvsem simptome bolezni. številne nove potencialne zdravilne učinkovine, ki vplivajo tudi na potek bolezni, pa so se v kliničnih raziskavah izkazale kot sorazmerno ne - uspešne. S tem razlogom v središče raziskav prihajajo novi pristopi zdravljenja Alzheimerjeve bolezni, ki temeljijo na uporabi nanotehnologije. Izvedena je bila že vrsta raziskav, v katerih so proučevali vplive različnih nanodelcev na tarče, povezane z nastankom in razvojem te bolezni. Proučevali so učinke polimernih nanodelcev, nanodelcev zlata ter železovega oksida na samozdruževanje monomerov amiloida β in proteina tau v agregate, kot tudi uporabo omenjenih nanodelcev za razgradnjo že nastalih agregatov proteinov. Izsledki teh raziskav predstavljajo pomembno izhodišče za nadaljnje raziskave in razvoj nanotehnoloških pristopov za razgradnjo agregiranih proteinskih struktur in razvoj novih možnosti zdravljenja različnih bolezni, ki jih povezujemo s patološkim nastajanjem proteinskih agregatov.
Keywords: protein tau, amolid beta
Published in DiRROS: 08.07.2025; Views: 438; Downloads: 267
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1695. On the Wiener-like root-indices of graphsSimon Brezovnik, Matthias Dehmer, Niko Tratnik, Petra Žigert Pleteršek, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: In this paper, we examine roots of graph polynomials where those roots can be considered as structural graph measures. More precisely, we prove analytical results for the roots of certain modified graph polynomials and also discuss numerical results. As polynomials, we use, e.g., the Hosoya, the Schultz, and the Gutman polynomial which belong to an interesting family of degree-distance-based graph polynomials; they constitute so-called counting polynomials with non-negative integers as coefficients and the roots of their modified versions have been used to characterize the topology of graphs. Our results can be applied for the quantitative characterization of graphs. Besides analytical results on bounds and convergence, we also investigate other properties of those measures such as their degeneracy which is an undesired aspect of graph measures. It turns out that the measures representing roots of graph polynomials possess high discrimination power on exhaustively generated trees, which outperforms standard versions of these indices. Furthermore, a new measure is introduced that allows us to compare different topological indices in terms of structure sensitivity and abruptness.
Keywords: graph theory, Hosoya polynomial, Schultz polynomial, Gutman polynomial, root-index, discrimination power, structure sensitivity
Published in DiRROS: 07.07.2025; Views: 343; Downloads: 246
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1697. Mono- and cross-lingual evaluation of representation language models on less-resourced languagesMatej Ulčar, Aleš Žagar, Carlos S. Armendariz, Andraž Repar, Senja Pollak, Matthew Purver, Marko Robnik Šikonja, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: The current dominance of large language models in natural language processing is based on their contextual awareness. For text classification, text representation models, such as ELMo, BERT, and BERT derivatives, are typically fine-tuned for a specific problem. Most existing work focuses on English; in contrast, we present a large-scale multilingual empirical comparison of several monolingual and multilingual ELMo and BERT models using 14 classification tasks in nine languages. The results show, that the choice of best model largely depends on the task and language used, especially in a cross-lingual setting. In monolingual settings, monolingual BERT models tend to perform the best among BERT models. Among ELMo models, the ones trained on large corpora dominate. Cross-lingual knowledge transfer is feasible on most tasks already in a zero-shot setting without losing much performance.
Keywords: monolingual models, multilingual models, ELMo, BERT, corpus, cross-lingual datasets
Published in DiRROS: 07.07.2025; Views: 322; Downloads: 210
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1698. Osteoclast-expanded supercharged NK cells perform superior antitumour effector functionsMeng-Wei Ko, Ao Mei, Emanuela Senjor, Milica Perišić, Janko Kos, Anahid Jewett, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Objective. Natural killer (NK) cells are the largest innate lymphocyte subset with potent antitumour and antiviral functions. However, clinical utilisation of human NK cells is hampered due to a lack of reliable methods to augment their antitumour potential. We demonstrated technology in which human NK cells were cocultured with osteoclasts in the presence of probiotic bacteria. This approach significantly augmented the antitumour cytotoxicity and polyfunctionality of human NK cells, resulting in the generation of supercharged NK (sNK) cells. Methods and analysis. We explored the proteomic, transcriptomic and functional characterisation of sNK cells using cell imaging, flow cytometric analysis, 51-chromium release cytotoxicity assay, ELISA, ELIspot, IsoPLexis single-cell secretome analysis, proteomic analysis, RNA analysis, western blot and enzyme kinetics. Results. We found that sNK cells were less susceptible to split anergy and tumour-induced exhaustion. Proteomic analyses revealed that sNK cells significantly increased their cell motility and proliferation. Single-cell transcriptomes uncovered sNK cells undertaking a unique differentiation trajectory and turning on STAT1, JUN, BHLHE40, ELF1, MAX and MYC regulons essential for augmenting antitumour effector functions and proliferation, respectively. Both proteomic and single-cell transcriptomes revealed that an increase in Cathepsin C helped to augment the quantity and function of Granzyme B. Conclusions. These results support that this unique method produces potent NK cells for clinical utilisation and delineate the molecular mechanisms associated with this process.
Keywords: antitumour function
Published in DiRROS: 07.07.2025; Views: 427; Downloads: 263
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1699. The exact region determined by Blomqvist’s beta, Spearman’s footrule and Gini’s gammaDamjana Kokol-Bukovšek, Blaž Mojškerc, 2026, original scientific article Keywords: copula, dependence concepts, supremum and infimum of a set of copulas, measures of concordance, quasi-copula, local bounds
Published in DiRROS: 07.07.2025; Views: 324; Downloads: 192
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