271. Ontological Aspects of the Literary Work of Art in Roman Ingarden and Nicolai HartmannSazan Kryeziu, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The aesthetics of Roman Ingarden and Nicolai Hartmann are phenomenological in the Husserlian sense of the term. Although both Ingarden as well as Hartmann owe their ideas to Husserl, each of them worked independently of the other and provided different accounts with regard to the anatomy and the mode of existence of the literary work of art, which have proven to be invaluable for its study. While Ingarden’s account utilizes the properties of conscious acts to explain the appearance of an aesthetic object, Hartmann employs the founding properties of the conscious acts in the human temporality, within which these acts are performed. However, there are also some specific similarities to be found in their theories of ontology, concerning the “stratified structures” of the different kinds of aesthetic objects. The present paper is an attempt to develop a comparison with respect to certain questions related to Ingarden’s and Hartmann’s ontologies of the literary work of art. The aim is to answer these questions from the point of view of both Ingarden as well as Hartmann.
Keywords: phenomenology, ontology, aesthetics, literary work of art, Roman Ingarden, Nicolai Hartmann
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 60; Downloads: 20
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272. Normalität als Grundphänomen des Lebens : Versuch einer phänomenologischen AnnäherungBence Peter Marosan, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Normality as a Fundamental Phenomenon of Life. An Attempt at a Phenomenological Approach
In the present article, we attempt to show that Husserl’s notion of life should be characterized by an inherent normativity at every level. In this regard, we can also differentiate between normality—as a more encompassing concept—and normativity—as a specific concept—, but the focus of our study is on normativity, which is a narrower notion. We attempt to distinguish and analyze the main types of normativity in Husserl’s texts. In the discussions regarding the most important levels of normativity, we essentially rely on Anthony Steinbock’s considerations, according to whom one can separate four fundamental types of normativity: accordance, optimality, typical normativity, and home or home-world (Heimwelt). The subsequent crucial point of our investigations is to show that the main levels of normativity have a different order in rational, self-aware beings, on the one hand, and in non-rational beings without self-consciousness, on the other. Finally, we try to demonstrate that there exists a principal connection between affectivity and normativity, and that affectivity has a decisive role in the constitution of different forms of normativity.
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 66; Downloads: 20
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273. The Significance of the Phenomenon in Immanuel Kant’s and Edmund Husserl’s Transcendental PhilosophyIrfan Muhammad, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The article explores the concept of the phenomenon in the transcendental philosophies of Immanuel Kant and Edmund Husserl, arguing for the intricate connections and divergences between their philosophical frameworks. Kant’s transcendental idealism, rooted in the a priori knowledge and the conditions for human cognition, marks a pivotal shift from previous rationalist beliefs in non-empirical knowledge. By emphasizing phenomena as the ultimate objects of human cognition and asserting that the conditions for experience are inherent in the human mind, Kant lays the groundwork for a critical analysis of the relationship between subjectivity and objectivity. In contrast, Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology introduces a methodical approach to uncovering the essence of consciousness and phenomena. Central to Husserl’s transcendental idealism is the concept of intentionality, which serves as a bridge between consciousness and objects of knowledge. Unlike metaphysical idealism, Husserl’s transcendental idealism focuses on the correlation between phenomena and consciousness rather than solely on internal cognitive operations. The article navigates the evolution from Kant’s critical idealism to Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology, highlighting their shared emphasis on phenomena as the focal point of human cognition.
Keywords: phenomenon, Kant, Husserl, transcendental idealism, human cognition
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 69; Downloads: 16
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274. Kant’s Transcendentalism and Tillich’s Ontological TheologyMindaugas Briedis, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The article discusses Paul Tillich’s ontology against the background of Kant’s transcendental philosophy, and attempts to show that Tillich criticizes Kant’s critical demarcation of knowledge, on the one hand, and incorporates the categorial forms of Kant’s transcendental philosophy into his ontology, on the other. When constructing the concept of ontology, Tillich uses Kant’s categorical analysis and critique of metaphysics. Thus, Tillich’s approach to Kant’s epistemology is polemical and requires a deeper analysis. Like Kant, Tillich raises the question of what it means to exist and how this existence relates to God. Although Kant’s transcendental dialectic justifies the impossibility of proving God through intellectual operations, the mind can contemplate ultimate reality. For both thinkers, the main problem becomes the application of reason beyond its theoretical competence.
Keywords: Kant, Tillich, transcendental horizon, categories, ontology, finitude
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 52; Downloads: 17
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275. Population-genetics analysis of the brown trout broodstock in the “Panjica” hatchery (Serbia) and its conservation applicationsTijana Veličković, Aleš Snoj, Jernej Bravničar, Vladica Simić, Radek Šanda, Jasna Vukić, Dovilė Barcytė, David Stanković, Saša Marić, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Artificial propagation and stocking of brown trout is a standard practice in recreational fishery management. In recent decades, the importance of maintaining intraspecific diversity and protecting locally adapted lineages has been recognized for the species' long-term survival. The first step in selecting donors for stocking involves distinguishing native trout from non-native and introgressed individuals. The established method for discerning Atlantic hatchery strains from the wild populations involves genetic screening of individual diagnostic SNPs and microsatellite assignment tests. This study, using Serbia's Panjica hatchery as an example, illustrates the proper conduct of routine genetic screening for identifying suitable donors for supportive stocking. The broodstock and reference populations were screened using mtDNA control region, LDH nuclear gene, and 12 microsatellite loci to assess the origin, diversity, and inbreeding levels. The analysis revealed only moderate contamination with Atlantic trout and showed the regional origin of the Danubian genes – over 50% of the broodstock was composed of non-introgressed Danubian individuals tracing their origin to the Zapadna Morava River system. Additionally, the study highlighted a considerable discordance between LDH locus and microsatellites in identifying introgressed individuals, raising concerns about the sole reliance on LDH locus for the identification of Atlantic genetic origin in nuclear DNA.
Keywords: molecular marker discordance, artificial propagation, Atlantic brown trout, Danubian brown trout, supplementation stocking, intraspecific diversity, genetic screening, zoology
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 103; Downloads: 31
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276. A new approach to universal $F$-inverse monoids in enriched signatureGanna Kudryavtseva, Ajda Lemut Furlani, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: We show that the universal $X$-generated $F$-inverse monoid $F(G)$, where ▫$G$▫ is an $X$-generated group, introduced by Auinger, Szendrei and the first-named author, arises as a quotient inverse monoid of the Margolis-Meakin expansion $M(G, X\cup \overline{G})$ of $G$, with respect to the extended generating set $X\cup \overline{G}$, where $\overline{G}$ is a bijective copy of $G$ which encodes the ▫$m$▫-operation in $F(G)$. The construction relies on a certain dual-closure operator on the semilattice of all finite and connected subgraphs containing the origin of the Cayley graph ${\rm Cay}(G, X\cup {\overline{G}})$ and leads to a new and simpler proof of the universal property of $F(G)$.
Keywords: inverse monoid, F-inverse monoid, Margolis-Meakin expansion, group presentation, Cayley graph of a group, closure operator, dual-closure operator, partial action, partial action product
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 67; Downloads: 23
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278. Mreža občanske znanosti v SlovenijiMitja Vovk Iskrić, 2024, professional article Abstract: Občanska znanost je koncept znanstvenoraziskovalnega dela, ki spodbuja odprt dialog med znanstveno in širšo skupnostjo, s čimer usmerja tudi družbeni razvoj. V Sloveniji je v zadnjem letu doživela pomemben razvoj, zlasti z vzpostavitvijo specializiranega spletnega portala citizenscience.si in nastankom Mreže občanske znanosti. Tudi Evropska unija je prispevala k napredku in vidnosti občanske znanosti, zlasti s financiranjem projektov. Poleg drugih organizacij, kot so muzeji in društva, ter posameznikov tudi univerze in raziskovalni inštituti prispevajo k razvoju občanske znanosti. Širijo in krepijo raziskovalne dejavnosti z vključevanjem javnosti in hkrati tudi izboljšujejo svoj družbeni položaj ter povečujejo zaupanje v znanost. Hkrati zagotavljajo infrastrukturo, znanje, veščine, etične in pravne okvire ter financiranje. V Sloveniji je vključevanje javnosti v znanost dolgoletna tradicija, ki je potekala pod različnimi imeni, dokler se ni utrdil izraz »občanska znanost« kot najprimernejši prevod. Centralna tehniška knjižnica Univerze v Ljubljani (CTK) že od leta 2017 sodeluje pri promociji in razvoju občanske znanosti v Sloveniji, z organizacijo strokovnih srečanj in pozneje tudi neposredno s podporo projektu občanske znanosti. Sodeluje z drugimi organizacijami pri pripravi dogodkov za spodbujanje sodelovanja med raziskovalci in knjižnicami ter širšo skupnostjo in aktivno deluje v mednarodnih organizacijah. V članku so podrobno predstavljeni vsebina portala citizenscience.si, ki ga je razvila Centralna tehniška knjižnica Univerze v Ljubljani, ter ustanovitev in delovanje Mreže občanske znanosti v Sloveniji.
Keywords: odprta znanost, občanska znanost, spletni portali, sodelovanje, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 73; Downloads: 36
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279. Laser powder bed fusion parameters optimization for enhanced mechanical properties of EOS Co-Cr dental alloyDalibor Viderščak, Zdravko Schauperl, Biserka Runje, Sanja Šolić, Amir Ćatić, Matjaž Godec, Irena Paulin, Črtomir Donik, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: This research explores how variations in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters—laser power (P), scanning speed (v), and base plate preheating temperature (ϑp)—affect the mechanical properties of the EOS Co-Cr SP2 dental alloy. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the process parameters. Mechanical testing focused on crucial properties for dental applications, including yield strength (Rp0.2), elongation (ε), toughness (KVa), and flexural strength (Rms). Microstructural analysis was conducted using light and electron microscopy, while XRD identified microstructural phases. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Scheffé post hoc test, α = 0.05) revealed significant effects of P, v, and ϑp on the mechanical properties. Response surface models (RSMs) were developed, and optimal parameters were determined to achieve maximum toughness and flexural strength. Maximum values were obtained with laser power above 205Wand base plate preheating at 310 ◦C. The mathematical model predicted toughness values with less than 5% deviation from experimental results, indicating high accuracy.
Keywords: LPBF, production parameters, Co-Cr dental alloy, CCD, mechanical properties, ANOVA
Published in DiRROS: 18.10.2024; Views: 133; Downloads: 8130
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