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Title:Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy : immune mechanisms of induced protection and tolerance
Authors:ID Demšar Luzar, Ajda, Klinika Golnik (Author)
ID Korošec, Peter, Klinika Golnik (Author)
ID Košnik, Mitja, Klinika Golnik, Medicinska fakulteta UL (Author)
ID Zidarn, Mihaela, Klinika Golnik, Medicinska fakulteta UL (Author)
ID Rijavec, Matija, Klinika Golnik, Biotehniška fakulteta UL (Author)
Files:URL URL - Source URL, visit https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/7/1575/pdf
 
Language:English
Typology:1.02 - Review Article
Organization:Logo UKPBAG - University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik
Abstract:Hymenoptera venom allergy is one of the most severe allergic diseases, with a considerable prevalence of anaphylactic reaction, making it potentially lethal. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent findings in understanding induced immune mechanisms during different phases of venom immunotherapy. We focus on protection mechanisms that occur early, during the build-up phase, and on the immune tolerance, which occurs later, during and after Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy. The short-term protection seems to be established by the early desensitization of mast cells and basophils, which plays a crucial role in preventing anaphylaxis during the build-up phase of treatment. The early generation of blocking IgG antibodies seems to be one of the main reasons for the lower activation of effector cells. Long-term tolerance is reached after at least three years of venom immunotherapy. A decrease in basophil responsiveness correlates with tolerated sting challenge. Furthermore, the persistent decline in IgE levels and, by monitoring the cytokine profiles, a shift from a Th2 to Th1 immune response, can be observed. In addition, the generation of regulatory T and B cells has proven to be essential for inducing allergen tolerance. Most studies on the mechanisms and effectiveness data have been obtained during venom immunotherapy (VIT). Despite the high success rate of VIT, allergen tolerance may not persist for a prolonged time. There is not much known about immune mechanisms that assure longterm tolerance post-therapy.
Keywords:allergy and immunology, hypersensitivity, immunotherapy, immune tolerance, venoms, Hymenoptera, Hymenoptera venom, short-term protection, long-term tolerance
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Place of publishing:Švica
Publisher:MDPI
Year of publishing:2021
Number of pages:str. 1-12
Numbering:Vol. 10, iss. 7
PID:20.500.12556/DiRROS-14263 New window
UDC:616-097
ISSN on article:2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells10071575 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:68017411 New window
Copyright:© 2021 by the authors
Note:Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorji: Peter Korošec, Mitja Košnik, Mihaela Zidarn, Matija Rijavec; Opis vira z dne 23. 6. 2022; Št. članka: 1575;
Publication date in DiRROS:16.08.2021
Views:1757
Downloads:546
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
:
DEMŠAR LUZAR, Ajda, KOROŠEC, Peter, KOŠNIK, Mitja, ZIDARN, Mihaela and RIJAVEC, Matija, 2021, Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy : immune mechanisms of induced protection and tolerance. Cells [online]. 2021. Vol. 10, no. 7, p. 1–12. [Accessed 11 April 2025]. DOI 10.3390/cells10071575. Retrieved from: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/7/1575/pdf
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Cells
Shortened title:Cells
Publisher:MDPI
ISSN:2073-4409
COBISS.SI-ID:519958809 New window

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:22.06.2021

Secondary language

Language:Undetermined
Keywords:alergija in imunologija, preobčutljivost, imunoterapija, imunska toleranca, živalski strupi, kožekrilci, strup kožekrilcev, kratkotrajna zaščita, dolgotrajna toleranca


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