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Abstract: V zborniku so zbrani povzetki predavanj in predstavitev konferenčnih plakatov.
Keywords: zborniki, povzetki, elektronske knjige
Published in DiRROS: 29.03.2021; Views: 1797; Downloads: 808
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Abstract: Reliable data and methods for assessing changes in wildlife population size over time are necessary for management and conservation. For most species, assessing abundance is an expensive and labor-intensive task that is not affordable on a frequent basis. We present a novel approach to reconstructing brown bear population dynamics in Slovenia in the period 1998-2019, based on the combination of two CMR non-invasive genetic estimates (in 2007 and 2015) and long-term mortality records, to show how the latter can help the study of population dynamics in combination with point-in-time estimates. The spring (i.e. including newborn cubs) population size estimate was 383 (CI: 336-432) bears in 1998 and 971 (CI: 825-1161) bears in 2019. In this period, the average annual population growth rate was 4.5 %. The predicted population size differed by just 7 % from the non-invasive genetic size estimate after eight years, suggesting that the method is reliable. It can predict the evolution of the population size under different management scenarios and provide information on key parameters, e.g. background mortality and the sex- and age-structure of the population. Our approach can be used for several other wildlife species, but it requires reliable mortality data over time.
Keywords: genetic estimates of population size, mortality records, population monitoring, population size, predictive modelling, brown bear
Published in DiRROS: 28.03.2021; Views: 4141; Downloads: 2380
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Abstract: Gostota lesa je fizikalna lastnost, ki je enostavno določljiva in nakazuje na številne druge lastnosti lesa in s tem tudi na njegovo uporabnost v lesno-predelovalni industriji, gradbeništvu ali energetiki. Ker je odvisna od vlažnosti ter poroznosti, se v stroki pojavljajo različne definicije gostot lesa, med katerimi je največkrat uporabljena gostota lesa v absolutno suhem stanju. Namen prispevka je predstavitev različnih načinov določanja gostote lesa ter pomen hitrega in natančnega določanje tega parametra kakovosti pri razvoju gozdno lesnega biogospodarstva. V stroki obstaja več neposrednih in posrednih metod določanja gostote; najbolj običajen in razširjen je volumetrični pristop, sledi postopek ocenjevanja gostote s penetrometrom, rezistografom, visokofrekvenčno denzitometrijo, rentgenskimi žarki, infrardečo spektroskopijo ter mikrovalovi. Les je surovina, ki ji bo v prihodnosti pomen še naraščal, saj je ključna za razvoj trajnostnega biogospodarstva. Natančno in pravočasno določanje gostote lesa bo omogočalo ustrezno razporejanje in usmerjanje tokov te surovine med posameznimi konvencionalnimi in novimi sektorji (področji rabe) in posledično bolj učinkovito in trajnostno rabo.
Keywords: lastnosti lesa, gostota lesa, rezistograf, penetrometer, rentgenska denzitometrija, visokofrekvenčna denzitometrija, gozdno lesno biogospodarstvo
Published in DiRROS: 28.03.2021; Views: 4205; Downloads: 2508
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Abstract: The understanding of spatial distribution patterns of native riparian tree species in Europe lacks accurate species distribution models (SDMs), since riparian forest habitats have a limited spatial extent and are strongly related to the associated watercourses, which needs to be represented in the environmental predictors. However, SDMs are urgently needed for adapting forest management to climate change, as well as for conservation and restoration of riparian forest ecosystems. For such an operative use, standard large-scale bioclimatic models alone are too coarse and frequently exclude relevant predictors. In this study, we compare a bioclimatic continent-wide model and a regional model based on climate, soil, and river data for central to south-eastern Europe, targeting seven riparian foundation species%Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus angustifolia, F. excelsior, Populus nigra, Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis, and U. minor. The results emphasize the high importance of precise occurrence data and environmental predictors. Soil predictors were more important than bioclimatic variables, and river variables were partly of the same importance. In both models, five of the seven species were found to decrease in terms of future occurrence probability within the study area, whereas the results for two species were ambiguous. Nevertheless, both models predicted a dangerous loss of occurrence probability for economically and ecologically important tree species, likely leading to significant effects on forest composition and structure, as well as on provided ecosystem services.
Keywords: bioclimatic model, ecological niche model, forest management, tree species selection, riparian forest habitat, climate change adaptation
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2021; Views: 1274; Downloads: 859
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Abstract: In the last few decades, an increasing number and intensity of bark beetle outbreaks have plagued the forests of Europe and North America. Bark beetle management is directly related to forest owner characteristics, although this relationship is not well understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of forest owner characteristics on the amount and timing of sanitary felling under different disturbance regimes and quantities of Norway spruce. We combined different databases on sanitary felling, the timing of sanitary felling, and forest owner characteristics for Slovenia from 2014 to 2018 and analyzed the amount and timing of sanitary felling in relation to forest owner characteristics. We found that the timing in winter and the amount of sanitary felling were positively associated with the distance of the owner%s residence to the forest parcel. Larger parcels were more affected by bark beetles but did not have later timing of cutting in the summer period as was hypothesized. The timing of sanitary felling decreased with property size, while with the probability of sanitary felling, the effect of property depended on the ice storm and the amount of spruce. The size of the settlement, the permanent address of the private owner, and timing of sanitary felling were positively associated but also depended on the amount of spruce. Gender and age did not have an important influence on the amount and timing of sanitary felling. Forest owners are an important factor in effective bark beetle management. This study highlights the private forest ownership characteristics that should be emphasized in order to fight bark beetle outbreaks in the event of large-scale disturbances. Governments should support forest owners who are at greater risk of bark beetle outbreaks and less efficient in managing outbreaks. Furthermore, landowner characteristics should be included when forecasting bark beetle outbreaks.
Keywords: close-to-nature management, sanitary felling, Ips typographus, forest pest management, forest owner characteristics
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2021; Views: 1196; Downloads: 833
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