41. Transition dates from earlywood to latewood and early phloem to late phloem in Norway SpruceJožica Gričar, Katarina Čufar, Klemen Eler, Vladimir Gryc, Hanuš Vavrčík, Martin De Luis, Peter Prislan, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Climate change will affect radial growth patterns of trees, which will result in different forest productivity, wood properties, and timber quality. While many studies have been published on xylem phenology and anatomy lately, little is known about the phenology of earlywood and latewood formation, also in relation to cambial phenology. Even less information is available for phloem. Here, we examined year-to-year variability of the transition dates from earlywood to latewood and from early phloem to late phloem in Norway spruce (Picea abies) from three temperate sites, two in Slovenia and one in the Czech Republic. Data on xylem and phloem formation were collected during 2009-2011. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the specific contribution of growth rate and duration on wood and phloem production, separately for early and late formed parts. We found significant differences in the transition date from earlywood to latewood between the selected sites, but not between growth seasons in trees from the same site. It occurred in the first week of July at PAN and MEN and more than two weeks later at RAJ. The duration of earlywood formation was longer than that of latewood formation; from 31.4 days at PAN to 61.3 days at RAJ. In phloem, we found differences in transition date from early phloem to late phloem also between the analysed growth seasons; from 2.5 weeks at PAN to 4 weeks at RAJ Compared to the transition from earlywood to latewood the transition from early phloem to late phloem occurred 25-64 days earlier. There was no significant relationship between the onset of cambial cell production and the transition dates. The findings are important to better understand the inter-annual variability of these phenological events in spruce from three contrasting temperate sites, and how it is reflected in xylem and phloem anatomy.
Keywords: Picea abies, xylem formation, phloem formation, cambium, tracheid, sieve cell, conifer, temperate environment
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2021; Views: 1140; Downloads: 834
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42. Metoda štetja kupčkov iztrebkov kot optimalen način ocenjevanja relativnih gostot jelenjadi na lokalni ravniUrša Fležar, Klemen Jerina, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Vedno boljše poznavanje pomena parkljarjev za ekosistem in človeka ter hkrati širjenje teh živalskih vrst v evropskem prostoru prinaša potrebo po nadgrajevanju in izpopolnjevanju načinov njihovega upravljanja. V Sloveniji se je v zadnjih letih zaradi stopnjevanja konfliktov interesov gozdarske, lovske in kmetijske stroke pojavila potreba po natančnejšem poznavanju številčnosti domorodnih vrst parkljarjev, še posebno jelenjadi (Cervus elaphus). V tem prispevku smo opredelili metodo štetja kupčkov iztrebkov s predhodnim čiščenjem kot najbolj optimalno metodo za ugotavljanje lokalnih gostot jelenjadi in podrobno razložili metodološke korake za uspešno načrtovanje in izvedbo metode na terenu. Zaključili smo s primerom izvedbe metode v LPN Kompas Peskovci in predstavili rezultate gostot jelenjadi in srnjadi (Capreolus capreolus) na omenjenem območju, pridobljenimi z metodo štetja kupčkov iztrebkov.
Keywords: prostoživeči parkljarji, jelenjad, Cervus elaphus, srnjad, Capreolus capreolus, štetje kupčkov iztrebkov, upravljanje prostoživečih živali, monitoring, LPN Kompas Peskovc
Published in DiRROS: 14.12.2020; Views: 1611; Downloads: 487
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44. Continuous glucose monitoring use and glucose variability in pre-school children with type 1 diabetesKlemen Dovč, Kevin Cargnelutti, Anže Šturm, Julij Šelb, Nataša Bratina, Tadej Battelino, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Aims. The objective of this nationwide population-based cohort study was to evaluate the correlation between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use and glucose variability in pre-schoolers with type 1 diabetes.
Methods. We analysed data from the Slovenian National Registry. The primary endpoint was the difference in glucose variability between periods, during which participants were using CGM and periods, during which CGM was not used, over 5 years. Results. A total of 40 children <8 years old were followed for an estimated observational period of 116 patient/years. Mean age at CGM initiation was 3.5 (±1.7) years. Both standard deviation of mean glucose [3.6 mmol/L (3.2–3.9) with CGM and 4.3 mmol/L (3.8–4.7) without CGM, p < 0.001] and coefficient of variation [44.0% (40.4–47.0) with CGM and 46.1% (42.3–49.4) without CGM, p = 0.021] were lower during the periods, when CGM was used. Frequent CGM use (>5 days/week) was associated with a 0.4% [4.4 mmol/mol] reduction in glycated haemoglobin level (7.6% compared to 7.2%, p = 0.047). Conclusions. Our results indicate that the use of CGM was associated with reduced glucose variability during a 5 year follow-up period among pre-schoolers with type 1 diabetes.
Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring, type 1 diabetes, children, insulin therapy
Published in DiRROS: 12.11.2020; Views: 1280; Downloads: 818
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45. Effects of various cutting treatments and topographic factors on microclimatic conditions in Dinaric fir-beech forestsJanez Kermavnar, Mitja Ferlan, Aleksander Marinšek, Klemen Eler, Andrej Kobler, Lado Kutnar, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Forest microclimate is strongly affected by local topography and management activities, as these directly alter overstory structure. In the present work we analysed the dependence of observed patterns of spatio-temporal microclimatic variations on topographic, canopy- and management-related factors. A forestry experiment was conducted in managed fir-beech forests in the Dinaric Mountains (Slovenia), which are characterized by rugged karstic terrain with numerous sinkholes. In 2012, cutting treatments representing a range in the intensity of overstory removal were performed: uncut controls (CON), 50% cut of stand growing stock (intermediate management intensity % IMI) and 100% cut (high management intensity % HMI) creating 0.4 ha canopy gaps. Fine-scale variation in aspect and slope and its effects on microclimate was assessed by comparing central, south-facing and north-facing within-sinkhole positions. We measured microclimatic variables (air temperature % T, relative humidity % RH) 0.5 m above the ground over three consecutive post-treatment growing seasons. Microclimatic variables showed an increase (T and vapour pressure deficit % VPD) or decrease (RH) with management intensity. Daily Tmax and VPDmax in HMI treatment were up to 5.9°C (on average 3.5°C) and up to 1.4 kPa (on average 0.6 kPa) higher than those in CON treatment, respectively, whereas daily RHmin was up to 22.7 (on average 13.0) percentage points lower. Regarding intra-seasonal patterns, microclimatic differences between treatments were largest during the summer. South-facing plots in the HMI treatment overall exhibited the most extreme conditions, i.e. the highest Tmax and lowest RHmin. Differences in microclimate between treatments were strongly modulated by canopy cover. The results also suggest that overstory removal increases topography-mediated variation in microclimate, as evidenced by significant differences in T, RH and VPD along the fine-scale topographic gradient within the created canopy gaps.
Keywords: tree cutting, air temperature, relative humidity, vapour pressure deficit, karst topography, canopy cover
Published in DiRROS: 08.10.2020; Views: 1316; Downloads: 557
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46. Cabbage and fermented vegetables : from death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19Jean Bousquet, Josep M. Antò i Boquè, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Tari Haahtela, Susana C. Fonseca, Guido Laccarino, Hubert Blain, Alain Vidal, Aziz Sheikh, Cezmi A. Akdis, Torsten Zuberbier, Samo Kreft, Klemen Jenko, Maja Jošt, Peter Kopač, Mitja Košnik, Karmen Kramer Vrščaj, Bojan Madjar, Davor Plavec, Tanja Soklič, Jure Urbančič, Mihaela Zidarn, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage were associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-Cov-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistanceas well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block the AT1R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are given: Kimchi in Korea, westernized foods and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.
Keywords: COVID-19, diet, sulforaphane, Lactobacillus, Angiotensin converting enzyme 2, kimchi, cabbage, fermented vegetable
Published in DiRROS: 07.10.2020; Views: 1382; Downloads: 328
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48. Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? : protocol for a systematic reviewJean Bousquet, Josep M. Antò i Boquè, Guido Laccarino, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Tari Haahtela, Aram Anto, Cezmi A. Akdis, Hubert Blain, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Karmen Kramer Vrščaj, Tari Haahtela, Mitja Košnik, Anja Koren, Peter Kopač, Maja Jošt, Samo Kreft, Klemen Jenko, Bojan Madjar, Davor Plavec, Tanja Soklič, Jure Urbančič, Mihaela Zidarn, 2020, review article Abstract: Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.
Keywords: coronavirus, diet, angiotensin-converting enzyme, antioxidant, food
Published in DiRROS: 09.09.2020; Views: 1507; Downloads: 1183
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49. Ocena zamikov pri napotitvi, izvedbi diagnostike in prvega zdravljenja pri bolnikih z raki sečnega mehurja in ledvic v SlovenijiVesna Zadnik, Mateja Kokalj-Kokot, Klemen Černelč, Nika Bric, 2020, short scientific article Abstract: Pri nas za ledvičnim rakom na leto povprečno zboli 370 ljudi, za rakom sečnega mehurja 320. Preživetje slovenskih bolnikov in bolnic pri teh dveh oblikah raka je že vrsto let slabše od evropskega povprečja. V povezavi treh raziskovalnih organizacij, Onkološkega inštituta Ljubljana, Katedre za družinsko medicino Univerze v Ljubljani in Kliničnega oddelka za urologijo Univerzitetnega kliničnega centra Ljubljana, smo leta 2017 uvedli projekt Celostna analiza zgodnje obravnave bolnikov z urološkimi raki z oceno zamikov pri napotitvi, izvedbi diagnostike in prvega zdravljenja, v katerem smo retrospektivno analizirali zdravstveno oskrbo slovenskih bolnikov in bolnic z raki ledvic, sečnega mehurja ali prostate. V raziskavo smo vključili vse zbolele v Sloveniji leta 2014. V tem prispevku prikazujemo rezultate ocene zamikov v zdravljenju bolnikov in bolnic z rakom ledvic in rakom sečnega mehurja. Median interval zdravstvenega sistema (čas od prvih preiskav do začetka zdravljenja) je bil pri bolnikih z rakom sečnega mehurja 35 dni, pri bolnikih z ledvičnim rakom pa 22 dni. Pri obeh rakih je največ časa poteklo med prvimi diagnostičnimi postopki in prvim pregledom pri specialistu, kar nakazuje na ozko grlo pri izvedbi diagnostičnih postopkov.
Keywords: rak sečnega mehurja, rak ledvic, register raka, napotitve
Published in DiRROS: 09.09.2020; Views: 1747; Downloads: 559
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50. Zaznava velikopovršinskih poškodb gozdnega drevja s pomočjo vegetacijskih indeksov na primeru žledoloma 2014Nikica Ogris, Klemen Čotar, Andrej Kobler, 2016, short scientific article Keywords: varstvo gozdov, satelitski posnetki, MODIS, NDVI, EVI, LAI, FAPAR
Published in DiRROS: 28.07.2020; Views: 1403; Downloads: 708
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