1. Modelling intumescent coatings for the fire protection of structural systems : a reviewAndrea Lucherini, Donatella de Silva, 2024, review article Abstract: Purpose
Intumescent coatings are nowadays a dominant passive system used to protect structural materials in case of fire. Due to their reactive swelling behaviour, intumescent coatings are particularly complex materials to be modelled and predicted, which can be extremely useful especially for performance-based fire safety designs. In addition, many parameters influence their performance, and this challenges the definition and quantification of their material properties. Several approaches and models of various complexities are proposed in the literature, and they are reviewed and analysed in a critical literature review.
Design/methodology/approach
Analytical, finite-difference and finite-element methods for modelling intumescent coatings are compared, followed by the definition and quantification of the main physical, thermal, and optical properties of intumescent coatings: swelled thickness, thermal conductivity and resistance, density, specific heat capacity, and emissivity/absorptivity.
Findings
The study highlights the scarce consideration of key influencing factors on the material properties, and the tendency to simplify the problem into effective thermo-physical properties, such as effective thermal conductivity. As a conclusion, the literature review underlines the lack of homogenisation of modelling approaches and material properties, as well as the need for a universal modelling method that can generally simulate the performance of intumescent coatings, combine the large amount of published experimental data, and reliably produce fire-safe performance-based designs.
Research limitations/implications
Due to their limited applicability, high complexity and little comparability, the presented literature review does not focus on analysing and comparing different multi-component models, constituted of many model-specific input parameters. On the contrary, the presented literature review compares various approaches, models and thermo-physical properties which primarily focusses on solving the heat transfer problem through swelling intumescent systems.
Originality/value
The presented literature review analyses and discusses the various modelling approaches to describe and predict the behaviour of swelling intumescent coatings as fire protection for structural materials. Due to the vast variety of available commercial products and potential testing conditions, these data are rarely compared and combined to achieve an overall understanding on the response of intumescent coatings as fire protection measure. The study highlights the lack of information and homogenisation of various modelling approaches, and it underlines the research needs about several aspects related to the intumescent coating behaviour modelling, also providing some useful suggestions for future studies.
Keywords: intumescent coatings, fire protection, modelling, structural fire engineering, fire safety, performance-based design
Published in DiRROS: 17.04.2024; Views: 107; Downloads: 38
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2. Evaluation and metrological performance of a novel ionisation vacuum gauge suitable as reference standardKarl Jousten, Sylke Bechstein, Matthias Bernien, Frédéric Boineau, N. Bundaleski, Claus Illgen, Berthold Jenninger, Janez Šetina, Ricardo A. S. Silva, Anke Stöltzel, O. M. N. D. Teodoro, Martin Wüest, 2023, original scientific article Keywords: ionisation vacuum gauge, hot cathode, sensitivity, secondary electrons, ion induced secondary electron yield
Published in DiRROS: 26.01.2024; Views: 206; Downloads: 94
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3. Recovery of rare earth elements from wastewater towards a circular economyÓscar Barros, Lara Costa, Filomena Costa, Ana Lago, Verónica Rocha, Živa Vipotnik, Bruna Silva, Teresa Tavares, 2019, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 20.06.2023; Views: 329; Downloads: 134
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4. Climate–growth relationships in Laurus azorica - a dominant tree in the Azorean Laurel forestDiogo C. Pavão, Jernej Jevšenak, Lurdes Borges Silva, Rui Bento Elias, Luis Silva, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Forests on oceanic islands, such as the Azores archipelago, enable interesting dendroclimatic research, given their pronounced climatic gradients over short geographical distances, despite the less pronounced seasonality. The Lauraceae play an essential ecological role in Macaronesian natural forests. An example is Laurus azorica (Seub.) Franco, a relevant species given its high frequency and physiognomic dominance in Azorean laurel forests. This study aims to quantify climate–growth relationships in L. azorica using a dendroecological approach. We sampled four stands at São Miguel and two stands at Terceira islands, for a total of 206 trees. Following standard dendrochronological methods and rigorous sample selection procedures, we obtained relatively low rbar values and high temporal autocorrelation. Using a stepwise Random Forest analysis followed by Generalized Linear Models calculation, we found prominent effects of present and previous year temperature, but a low precipitation signal on growth rings, with some model variation between stands. Our results agreed with previous observations for broad-leaved species with diffuse porous wood, contributing to increase the baseline dendroecological knowledge about Azorean forests. Due to the high levels of within- and between-stand variation, and to refine the climatic signal analysis, complementary approaches should be explored in the future.
Keywords: Azores, dendroclimatology, generalized linear models, laurel forest, Macaronesia, random forest
Published in DiRROS: 18.01.2023; Views: 351; Downloads: 259
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5. Novel ionisation vacuum gauge suitable as a reference standard : influence of primary electron trajectories on the operationN. Bundaleski, C. F. Adame, Matthias Bernien, Claus Illgen, Berthold Jenninger, Karl Jousten, F. Scuderi, R. A. S. Silva, A. Stöltzel, Janez Šetina, O. M. N. D. Teodoro, Tim Verbovšek, Martin Vičar, Martin Wüest, 2022, original scientific article Keywords: vacuum gauge, hot cathode, charged particle optics, secondary electron emission
Published in DiRROS: 06.05.2022; Views: 474; Downloads: 163
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6. Not every edible orange milkcap is Lactarius deliciosus : first record of Lactarius quieticolor (sect. Deliciosi) from BrazilAlexandre G. S. Silva-Filho, Marcelo Aloisio Sulzbacher, Tine Grebenc, Felipe Wartchow, 2020, original scientific article Keywords: ectomycorrhizal fungi, edible mushroom, Russulaceae, Pinaceae, pine plantation
Published in DiRROS: 14.01.2021; Views: 1040; Downloads: 775
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8. Survay of an ectotrophic sand dune forest in the northeast BrazilMarcelo Aloisio Sulzbacher, Admir Jose Giachini, Tine Grebenc, B. D. B Silva, F. E. Gurgel, M. I. B Loiola, M.A. Neves, I. G. Baseia, 2013, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Views: 2481; Downloads: 797
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