| Title: | A wireless optical gate and imu system for agility assessment : architecture, synchronization and validation |
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| Authors: | ID Kos, Anton (Author)
ID Keš, Erik (Author)
ID Hribernik, Matevž (Author)
ID Tomažič, Sašo (Author)
ID Umek, Anton (Author) |
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| Files: |  PDF - Presentation file, download (1,17 MB)
MD5: DEB84E9FFC2B015B3A3D711435B50BF8
 URL - Source URL, visit https://ojs.midem-drustvo.si/index.php/InfMIDEM/article/view/2372
URL - Source URL, visit https://ojs.midem-drustvo.si/index.php/InfMIDEM/article/view/2372
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  MIDEM - Society for Microelectronics, Electronic Components and Materials
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| Abstract: | Accurate, field-ready timing and motion capture are essential for assessing agility beyond the limits of manual stopwatches. We present a modular measurement system that fuses infrared (IR) optical gates for robust event detection with a trunkworn inertial measurement unit (IMU) for kinematic profiling. Each sensing node is built on an Adafruit Feather M0 Wi-Fi microcontroller and communicates via UDP to a laptop server. Time alignment is accomplished without internet connectivity: the server establishes a relative epoch and executes a triple-handshake broadcast protocol, while timestamps are generated at the edge to avoid latency bias from transport or processing. Module- and device-level characterization shows that IR-receiver processing combined with interrupt service routine latency yields a per-event timestamp error of 0.54 ms ± 0.14 ms (latency ± uncertainty), and local clocks remain stable over the durations relevant to agility trials. In wireless operation, accepted synchronization attempts form tight response clusters in favorable RF conditions, whereas congested environments may require retries; for section times across different gates we therefore report a conservative inter-node uncertainty. End-to-end validation across laboratory, entryhall, and gym venues using the Agility T-test confirms that total test time measured on the same start/finish gate remains below 1 ms error over 10–20 s trials. Synchronized IMU waveforms add explanatory value beyond total and split times by revealing braking, change-of-direction, and re-acceleration phases. The system provides a deployable workflow with substantially improved precision over manual timing. Future work will target more robust synchronization and expanded analytics, including automated phase detection, asymmetry indices, and optional integration with indoor positioning. |
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| Keywords: | infrared gates, IMU, embedded systems, wearable sensor device, wireless synchronization, agility testing |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Publication date: | 01.01.2025 |
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| Year of publishing: | 2025 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 229-238 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 55, no. 4 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-30225  |
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| UDC: | 621.39 |
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| ISSN on article: | 0352-9045 |
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| DOI: | 10.33180/InfMIDEM2025.403 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 262998019 |
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| Note: | Besedilo v angl.; |
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 18.06.2026 |
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| Views: | 135 |
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| Downloads: | 146 |
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