| Title: | Long‑term changes in the timing and intensity of the pollen season in Slovenia (2002–2024) |
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| Authors: | ID Markovič, Rene (Author)
ID Grubelnik, Vladimir (Author)
ID Simčič, Anja (Author)
ID Kofol-Seliger, Andreja (Author)
ID Razboršek, Urška (Author)
ID Marhl, Marko (Author)
ID Lešnik, Uroš (Author) |
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| Files: |  PDF - Presentation file, download (1,92 MB)
MD5: 115B48D970204887E8AED1BC9E838D20
 URL - Source URL, visit https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10453-026-09924-x
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  NLZOH - National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food
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| Abstract: | Climate change is reshaping pollen season dynamics across Europe, with significant implications for allergic populations. This study presents the first comprehensive long-term analysis of pollen season trends in Slovenia, a region characterized by high phytogeographic diversity at the intersection of Mediterranean, Alpine, Dinaric, and Pannonian climatic influences. Daily airborne pollen concentration data from three monitoring stations were analyzed for 14 allergenic taxa over 23 years (2002–2024). Pollen season timing was determined using a normalized cumulative-sum approach, and linear regression quantified temporal trends in season onset, termination, duration, and total annual pollen load. Results reveal general advancement in season onset across most taxa, particularly pronounced for arboreal species in the Mediterranean region. Season termination exhibited asymmetric patterns: earlier endings for spring-flowering trees and delayed termination for herbaceous taxa, especially Poaceae. Notably, trees showed compressed seasons due to faster advancement of season end relative to onset, potentially leading to more intense allergen exposure despite shorter duration. Significant increases in annual pollen load were detected for Poaceae, Urticaceae, and Plantago, while Artemisia showed widespread decline. The coastal Mediterranean site exhibited significantly earlier onset, later termination, and longer seasons compared to continental stations, which showed strong inter-site synchrony. These findings demonstrate asymmetric seasonal responses to climate forcing across small spatial scales, with important implications for region-specific public health strategies. |
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| Keywords: | airborne pollen, pollen trends, pollen season, Slovenia, mediterranean climate, continental climate |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Submitted for review: | 29.01.2026 |
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| Article acceptance date: | 01.06.2026 |
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| Publication date: | 11.06.2026 |
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| Publisher: | Pitagora Editrice |
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| Year of publishing: | 2026 |
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| Number of pages: | Str. 1-19 |
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| Numbering: | Letn. 42, [št. članka] 35 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-30167  |
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| UDC: | 61 |
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| ISSN on article: | 0393-5965 |
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| DOI: | 10. 1007/ s10453- 026- 09924-x |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 281594371 |
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| Note: | Soavtorji: Vladimir Grubelnik, Anja Simčič, Andreja Kofol Seliger, Urška Razboršek, Marko Marhl, Uroš Lešnik
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 16.06.2026 |
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| Views: | 45 |
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| Downloads: | 23 |
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