| Title: | Acrocyanosis : primary or secondary form? |
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| Authors: | ID Bilancini, Salvino (Author)
ID Lucchi, Massimo (Author)
ID Trevisan, Giusto (Author)
ID Di Pino, Luigi (Author)
ID Tucci, Sandro (Author) |
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| Files: |  PDF - Presentation file, download (607,26 KB)
MD5: 01E65F04B8051259DA26A07DE0B6BA7C
 URL - Source URL, visit https://acta-apa.mf.uni-lj.si/journals/acta-dermatovenerol-apa/papers/10.15570/actaapa.2025.32/actaapa.2025.32.pdf
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  ZSD - Association of Slovenian Dermatovenereologists
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| Abstract: | Introduction: Acrocyanosis is the most common form of angiodystonic vascular acrosyndrome, characterized by functional microcirculatory alterations without structural vessel damage. It is traditionally classified as either primary or secondary, the latter often associated with underlying conditions. Methods: Some observations suggest a frequent association between acrocyanosis and connective tissue diseases (CTDs). To investigate this, we conducted a study on 53 patients diagnosed with acrocyanosis: 45 females and eight males, 15 to 82 years old, with a mean age of 35 years. Secondary acrocyanosis was identified in 24 patients (45.3%). Results: Advanced age (≥ 40 years) was a significant risk factor for secondary acrocyanosis (relative risk = 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–4.5, p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed between sexes. CTDs were the most common conditions associated with acrocyanosis (32% of the study population and 71% of the secondary forms). Conclusions: Although generally considered benign, acrocyanosis may indicate an underlying systemic disease. Clinical examination remains essential for the diagnosis of acrocyanosis. Our findings reveal a high prevalence of secondary acrocyanosis associated with CTDs. Patients with strong clinical suspicion should be referred to specialized centers for capillaroscopy and antinuclear antibody testing. |
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| Keywords: | acrocyanosis, capillaroscopy, connective tissue diseases, microcirculation, non-invasive diagnosis |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Submitted for review: | 04.08.2025 |
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| Article acceptance date: | 07.11.2025 |
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| Publication date: | 01.12.2025 |
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| Place of publishing: | Ljubljana |
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| Publisher: | Združenje slovenskih dermatovenerologov |
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| Year of publishing: | 2025 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 177-180 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 34, issue 4 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-29913  |
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| UDC: | 616.5:611.018.2 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1318-4458 |
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| DOI: | 10.15570/actaapa.2025.32 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 276641027 |
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| Copyright: | Na spletni strani revije navedeno: Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica (ISSN 1318-4458) is an open access medical journal published quarterly by the Association of Slovenian Dermatovenerologists (https://acta-apa.mf.uni-lj.si/index.php); Authors publishing in our journal retain copyright of their work under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of the work in any medium, provided the original author(s) and copyright holder(s) are appropriately credited, and the original publication in the journal is properly cited, following established academic practices (https://acta-apa.mf.uni-lj.si/submissions.php). |
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 15.06.2026 |
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| Views: | 223 |
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| Downloads: | 141 |
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