| Title: | Nanostructured Carbon and Gold screen-printed electrodes for sensitive detection of benzisothiazolinone in environmental water samples |
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| Authors: | ID Vujančević, Jelena D., Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author)
ID Sodnik, Neža, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author)
ID Samardžija, Zoran, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author)
ID Žagar, Kristina, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author) |
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| Files: |  URL - Source URL, visit https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/5/1425
 PDF - Presentation file, download (8,22 MB)
MD5: C07794DF0381FF096544892E7442FA74
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  IJS - Jožef Stefan Institute
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| Abstract: | Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) is a commonly used biocide in water-based products, which can enter the environment from household and personal care products, as well as from leaching off building facades and roofs due to rainfall, eventually reaching rivers through stormwater runoff and raising ecological concerns due to its high aquatic toxicity. Detecting benzisothiazolinone, particularly in the environment is crucial due to health and regulatory requirements. This study explores electrochemical techniques and conductive nanomaterials for detecting BIT in environmental samples. Carbon- and gold-based screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) with distinct morphologies were investigated: carbon electrodes as nanoparticles (SPE-C) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SPE-SWCNTs), and gold electrodes as nanoparticles (SPE-Au-BT) and thin films (SPE-Au-AT). Cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) were optimized, with SWV demonstrating superior sensitivity—showing a two-order improvement with carbon-based electrodes and a 30-fold enhancement with gold-based electrodes. The lowest detection limits were 40 nM for carbon and 80 nM for gold nanoparticle-based electrodes. SPE-C achieved good recovery in river water, confirming its effectiveness for BIT monitoring with minimal interference from common ions or saccharin. These sensors can be easily used for everyday detection and monitoring of BIT in river water, ensuring a screening programme that supports the development of adequate regulatory guidelines. |
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| Keywords: | screen-printed electrodes, square-wave voltammetry, electrochemical detection, isothiazolinones |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Submitted for review: | 10.10.2025 |
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| Article acceptance date: | 19.02.2026 |
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| Publication date: | 25.02.2026 |
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| Publisher: | MDPI |
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| Year of publishing: | 2026 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 1-16 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 26, iss. 5, [article no.] 1425 |
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| Source: | Švica |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-28140  |
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| UDC: | 543 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1424-8220 |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/s26051425 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 271176451 |
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| Copyright: | © 2026 by the authors. |
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| Note: | Nasl. z nasl. zaslona;
Soavtorji: Neža Sodnik, Zoran Samardžija, Kristina Žagar Soderžnik;
Opis vira z dne 10. 3. 2026;
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 11.03.2026 |
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| Views: | 56 |
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| Downloads: | 18 |
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