| Title: | Unveiling the versatility and reactivity of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with metal and non-metal fluorides : a comprehensive review |
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| Authors: | ID Gruden, Evelin, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author)
ID Tavčar, Gašper, Institut "Jožef Stefan" (Author) |
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| Files: |  URL - Source URL, visit https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010854526000408#s0015
 PDF - Presentation file, download (8,86 MB)
MD5: C427FC8C1E0B945080178131EECCB635
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.02 - Review Article |
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| Organization: |  IJS - Jožef Stefan Institute
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| Abstract: | N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become cornerstone ligands in modern coordination and main-group chemistry, yet their interactions with metal and non-metal fluorides have long remained underexplored because many fluorides are poorly soluble and often difficult to handle. This review surveys the synthesis, structures, and reactivity of all structurally characterized NHC complexes and adducts containing the NHC-M-F fragment reported from the advent of isolable NHCs (1991) through mid-2025. Across 33 elements spanning the s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks, we compile 458 reported compounds, including 277 crystallographically authenticated species, and organize the field by element group and oxidation state. Emphasis is placed on practical synthetic entry points: direct coordination to soluble fluoride sources, transmetalation and synthon strategies, dehydrofluorination routes from fluoride salts, fluorination of pre-formed halide, hydride, or organo precursors, and redox-driven fluoride formation. We highlight how ligand sterics and electronics (including CAAC and related carbenes) govern stability and speciation. Comparative analysis of NHC–M and M–F metrics, typical geometries, and 19F NMR ranges reveals periodic trends and recurring structural motifs, providing a unified reference framework for designing new NHC-stabilized fluoride compounds and leveraging their distinctive reactivity. |
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| Keywords: | N-heterocyclic carbenes, metal fluorides, main-group fluorides |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Submitted for review: | 29.10.2025 |
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| Article acceptance date: | 13.01.2026 |
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| Publication date: | 31.01.2026 |
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| Publisher: | Elsevier |
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| Year of publishing: | 2026 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 1-35 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 555, [article no.] 217604 |
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| Source: | Nizozemska |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-27402  |
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| UDC: | 546 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1873-3840 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217604 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 267470339 |
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| Copyright: | © 2026 The Authors. |
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| Note: | Nasl. z nasl. zaslona;
Opis vira z dne 5. 2. 2026;
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 05.02.2026 |
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| Views: | 61 |
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| Downloads: | 23 |
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