| Title: | Hydration of belite–ye’elimite–ferrite cement with addition of red mud and waste concrete |
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| Authors: | ID Mrak, Maruša (Author)
ID Daneu, Nina (Author)
ID Dolenec, Sabina (Author) |
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| Files: |  URL - Source URL, visit https://doi.org/10.1680/jadcr.25.00024
 PDF - Presentation file, download (1,78 MB)
MD5: E80E5E60FA6FF21CD599F6B668F2A98C
 DOCX - Supplement, download (625,56 KB)
MD5: 5F8C7AAEC7B63B53C85411C48A5D0B42
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  ZAG - Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute
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| Abstract: | The hydration kinetics, phase assemblage, microstructure and mechanical properties of belite–ye’elimite–ferrite (BYF) cement containing different secondary raw materials (red mud and waste concrete) and cured at 5, 20 or 608C were examined. Different secondary raw materials were found to lead to changes in cement hydration. The influence of these materials on the hydration processes of belite and ferrite became more noticeable at a curing temperature of 58C, but diminished with an increase in curing temperature. The BYF cement made with red mud exhibited accelerated hydration, particularly at 58C, due to higher contents of mayenite and alkali sulfate compared with cement with natural materials and waste concrete. Red mud inhibited early ettringite formation due to the presence of aphthitalite but promoted monosulfate through accelerated ye’elimite hydration. Ferrite hydration was delayed by red mud, as alkali sulfates promote belite reactivity and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) formation over stra¨tlingite. Periclase increased siliceous hydrogarnet formation at higher temperatures, supporting delayed yet stable strength development. The curing temperature impacted the morphology of the C-S-H (transitioning from a fine fibrillar-like structure to a foil-like structure) and affected the chemical composition of hydrates, resulting in a lower incorporation of iron in hydrogarnet and C-S-H at higher temperatures. Increased curing temperatures promoted aluminium uptake in calcium aluminium silicate hydrate. |
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| Keywords: | belite–ye'elimite–ferrite (BYF) cement, cement, cement paste, cementitious materials, hydrated cement, secondary raw materials, temperature |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Publication date: | 22.01.2026 |
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| Publisher: | Thomas Telford |
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| Year of publishing: | 2025 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 1-14 |
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| Numbering: | [article no.] 250002 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-26971  |
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| UDC: | 544 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1751-7605 |
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| DOI: | 10.1680/jadcr.25.00024 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 265716483 |
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| Note: |
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 28.01.2026 |
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| Views: | 56 |
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| Downloads: | 47 |
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