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Title:Uporaba iPhone lidar tehnologije za izmero dreves na vzorčnih ploskvah gozdne inventure
Authors:ID Križaj, Jaka (Author)
ID Skudnik, Mitja (Author)
Files:URL URL - Source URL, visit https://www.geodetski-vestnik.com/en/clanek/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2025.03.301-315
 
.pdf PDF - Presentation file, download (2,72 MB)
MD5: 67682668CE8CC75EDEA702ADD7DEC392
 
Language:Slovenian
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:Logo SciVie - Slovenian Forestry Institute
Abstract:Lasersko skeniranje dreves je lahko koristna tehnologija za dopolnitev in overitev informacij, pridobljenih s klasično gozdno inventuro. Profesionalni terestrični in mobilni skenerji so dragi in zahtevajo usposobljene uporabnike. Zato smo v delu preizkusili uporabnost cenovno dostopnejše tehnologije Apple iPhone lidar, in sicer za pridobivanje dveh poglavitnih informacij o drevesih na vzorčnih ploskvah gozdne inventure: to sta premer drevesa na višini 1,3 metra nad tlemi (d1,3) in oddaljenost drevesa od središča ploskve. Na štirih krožnih raziskovalnih ploskvah na Rožniku smo v treh ločenih ekipah gozdarskih strokovnjakov izmerili referenčne podatke za vsa drevesa z d1,3 ≥ 10 cm s tradicionalnimi metodami, nato smo ploskve poskenirali še z napravo Apple iPhone 13 Pro Max. Podatke skeniranj smo obdelali z odprtokodnimi programi. Ugotovili smo, da so vrednosti d1,3, pridobljene iz podatkov laserskega skeniranja, v povprečju precenjene za 0,95 centimetra (RMSE = 2,43 cm), napaka je značilno večja pri tanjših drevesih. Horizontalne razdalje so bile večinoma podcenjene, v povprečju za 6,7 centimetra (RMSE = 24,1 cm). Napaka v horizontalni razdalji se z naraščajočim časom skeniranja povečuje, medtem ko trajanje skeniranja ne vpliva na vrednosti prsnih premerov. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da so lesne zaloge, izračunane iz podatkov skeniranja, v povprečju precenjene za 2,6 %.
Keywords:iPhone, Apple lidar, nizkocenovni lidar, gozdna inventura, prsni premer, lokacije dreves
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year of publishing:2025
Number of pages:str. 301-315
Numbering:Letn. 69, št. 3
PID:20.500.12556/DiRROS-25496 New window
UDC:630*58:004
ISSN on article:0351-0271
DOI:10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2025.03.301-315 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:263410691 New window
Note:Besedilo v slov.;
Publication date in DiRROS:21.01.2026
Views:256
Downloads:159
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Geodetski vestnik : glasilo Zveze geodetov Slovenije
Shortened title:Geod. vestn.
Publisher:Zveza geodetov Slovenije
ISSN:0351-0271
COBISS.SI-ID:5091842 New window

Document is financed by a project

Funder:Other - Other funder or multiple funders
Funding programme:Pahernikova fundacija
Project number:Pahernikova fundacija
Name:Pahernikova fundacija
Acronym:Pahernikova fundacija

Funder:ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:V4-2422-2024
Name:Analiza in predlog nadaljnjega razvoja sistema gozdnih inventur javne gozdarske službe

Funder:ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:J2-3055-2021
Name:ROVI – Združevanje in obdelava radarskih in optičnih časovnih vrst satelitskih posnetkov za spremljanje naravnega okolja

Funder:ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:P4-0059-2020
Name:Gozd, gozdarstvo in obnovljivi gozdni viri

Licences

License:CC BY-NC 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Description:A creative commons license that bans commercial use, but the users don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Use of iPhone LiDAR technology for measuring tree parameters in forest inventories sampling plots
Abstract:Laser scans of trees in the field could represent a useful technology for complementing and controlling information measured in the context of classic forest inventory. Professional terrestrial and mobile laser scanners remain, however, expensive and require professional handling. For this purpose, we wanted to evaluate the application of low-cost Apple lidar technology for measuring two important forest inventory parameters – the diameter of trees at 1.3 m above ground level (d1,3) and horizontal distances to the centre of sampling inventory plots. These parameters were measured by four independent groups of forest inventory experts on four circular plots near the Slovenian Forestry Institute for all trees with d1,3 ≥ 10 cm, using traditional methods. Subsequently, the plots were scanned with lidar-equipped Apple iPhone 13 Pro Max. The scan data were analysed using open-source software. On average d1,3 values from laser scans were 0.95 cm (RMSE = 2.43 cm) greater than reference values, with larger discrepancies for thinner trees. Conversely, horizontal distances were on average underestimated by 6.7 cm (RMSE = 24.1 cm). Discrepancies in horizontal distances were greater for trees that were measured toward the end of the scanning process, while no such influence of the scanning time was apparent for d1,3. Additionally, we found that growing stock values were overestimated by 2.6%.
Keywords:iPhone, Apple lidar, low-cost lidar, forest inventory, diameter at breast height, tree locations


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