| Title: | Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine strategy framework directive (MSFD) : Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways |
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| Authors: | ID Zenetos, Argyro (Author)
ID Lipej, Lovrenc (Author) |
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| Files: |  PDF - Presentation file, download (2,60 MB)
MD5: 30104896FBD6D1604EB1C7E050CC0B6F
 URL - Source URL, visit https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.327
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.02 - Review Article |
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| Organization: |  NIB - National Institute of Biology
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| Abstract: | More than 60 marine non-indigenous species (NIS) have been removed from previous lists and 84 species have been added, bringing the total to 986 alien species in the Mediterranean [775 in the eastern Mediterranean (EMED), 249 in the central Mediterranean (CMED), 190 in the Adriatic Sea (ADRIA) and 308 in the western Mediterranean (WMED)]. There were 48 new entries since 2011 which can be interpreted as approximately one new entry every two weeks. The number of alien species continues to increase, by 2-3 species per year for macrophytes, molluscs and polychaetes, 3-4 species per year for crustaceans, and 6 species per year for fish. The dominant group among alien species is molluscs (with 215 species), followed by crustaceans (159) and polychaetes (132). Macrophytes are the leading group of NIS in the ADRIA and the WMED, reaching 26-30% of all aliens, whereas in the EMED they barely constitute 10% of the introductions. In the EMED, molluscs are the most species-rich group, followed by crustaceans, fish and polychaetes. More than half (54%) of the marine alien species in the Mediterranean were probably introduced by corridors (mainly Suez). Shipping is blamed directly for the introduction of only 12 species, whereas it is assumed to be the most likely pathway of introduction (via ballasts or fouling) of another 300 species. For approximately 100 species shipping is a probable pathway along with the Suez Canal and/or aquaculture. Approximately 20 species have been introduced with certainty via aquaculture, while >50 species (mostly macroalgae), occurring in the vicinity of oyster farms, are assumed to be introduced accidentally as contaminants of imported species. A total of 18 species are assumed to have been introduced by the aquarium trade. Lessepsian species decline westwards, while the reverse pattern is evident for ship-mediated species and for those introduced with aquaculture. There is an increasing trend in new introductions via the Suez Canal and via shipping.
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Publication date: | 30.12.2012 |
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| Year of publishing: | 2012 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 328-352 |
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| Numbering: | vol. 13, št. 2 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-21769  |
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| UDC: | 593.9 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1108-393X |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 2720079 |
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| Note: | Sodelavci iz Slovenije: Lovrenc Lipej;
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 26.03.2025 |
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| Views: | 203 |
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| Downloads: | 85 |
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| Metadata: |    |
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ZENETOS, Argyro and LIPEJ, Lovrenc, 2012, Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine strategy framework directive (MSFD) : Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways. Mediterranean Marine Science [online]. 2012. Vol. 13, no. 2, p. 328–352. [Accessed 4 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://dirros.openscience.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=21769
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