| Title: | Collision milling of oil shale ash as constituent pretreatment in concrete 3D printing |
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| Authors: | ID Hanžič, Lucija (Author)
ID Štefančič, Mateja (Author)
ID Šter, Katarina (Author)
ID Zalar Serjun, Vesna (Author)
ID Šinka, Maris (Author)
ID Sapata, Alise (Author)
ID Šahmenko, Genadijs (Author)
ID Šerelis, Evaldas (Author)
ID Migliniece, Baiba (Author)
ID Korat Bensa, Lidija (Author) |
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| Files: |  URL - Source URL, visit https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/1/18
 PDF - Presentation file, download (9,98 MB)
MD5: 40A5247E683D6EAAB71C6F423EEEF5FB
URL - Research data, visit https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MWF9N
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| Language: | English |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: |  ZAG - Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute
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| Abstract: | Concrete is an essential construction material, and infrastructures, such as bridges, tunnels, and power plants, consume large quantities of it. Future infrastructure demands and sustainability issues necessitate the adoption of non-conventional supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). At the same time, global labor shortages are compelling the conservative construction sector to implement autonomous and digital fabrication methods, such as 3D printing. This paper thus investigates the feasibility of using oil shale ash (OSA) as an SCM in concrete suitable for 3D printing, and collision milling is examined as a possible ash pretreatment. OSA from four different sources was collected and analyzed for its physical, chemical, and mineralogical composition. Concrete formulations containing ash were tested for mechanical performance, and the two best-performing formulations were assessed for printability. It was found that ash extracted from flue gases by the novel integrated desulfurizer has the greatest potential as an SCM due to globular particles that contain β-calcium silicate. The 56-day compression strength of concrete containing this type of ash is ~60 MPa, the same as in the reference composition. Overall, collision milling is effective in reducing the size of particles larger than 10 μm but does not seem beneficial for ash extracted from flue gasses. However, milling bottom ash may unlock its potential as an SCM, with the optimal milling frequency being ~100 Hz. |
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| Keywords: | digital concrete, 3D printing, oil shale ash, supplementary cementitious material, collision milling |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Publication date: | 13.01.2025 |
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| Publisher: | MDPI AG |
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| Year of publishing: | 2025 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 1-24 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 10, iss. 1, [article no.] 18 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DiRROS-21377  |
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| UDC: | 620.1/.2 |
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| ISSN on article: | 2412-3811 |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/infrastructures10010018 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 223542787 |
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| Copyright: | © 2025 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
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| Note: | This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Solutions for Concrete Applications
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| Publication date in DiRROS: | 30.01.2025 |
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| Views: | 662 |
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| Downloads: | 544 |
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