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Slikovne preiskave pri bolnikih z melanom
Mojca Tuta, Maja Marolt-Mušič, 2025, published scientific conference contribution abstract

Keywords: melanom, kožni raki, slikovna diagnostika
Published in DiRROS: 18.06.2025; Views: 118; Downloads: 70
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CA19-9 serum levels predict micrometastases in patients with gastric cancer
Tomaž Jagrič, Stojan Potrč, Katarina Miš, Mojca Plankl, Tomaž Marš, 2016, original scientific article

Abstract: Background. We explored the prognostic value of the up-regulated carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) in node-negative patients with gastric cancer as a surrogate marker for micrometastases. Patients and methods. Micrometastases were determined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for a subgroup of 30 node-negative patients. This group was used to determine the cut-off for preoperative CA19-9 serum levels as a surrogate marker for micrometastases. Then 187 node-negative T1 to T4 patients were selected to validate the predictive value of this CA19-9 threshold. Results. Patients with micrometastases had significantly higher preoperative CA19-9 serum levels compared to patients without micrometastases (p = 0.046). CA19-9 serum levels were significantly correlated with tumour site, tumour diameter, and perineural invasion. Although not reaching significance, subgroup analysis showed better five-year survival rates for patients with CA19-9 serum levels below the threshold, compared to patients with CA19-9 serum levels above the cut-off. The cumulative survival for T2 to T4 node-negative patients was significantly better with CA19-9 serum levels below the cut-off (p = 0.04). Conclusions. Preoperative CA19-9 serum levels can be used to predict higher risk for haematogenous spread and micrometastases in node-negative patients. However, CA19-9 serum levels lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity to reliably predict micrometastases.
Keywords: gastric cancer, micrometastases, CA19-9, rak (medicina), želodec, metastaze, diagnostika, antigeni, tumorski označevalci
Published in DiRROS: 09.05.2024; Views: 816; Downloads: 471
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Non-contrast computed tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Jernej Avsenik, Janja Pretnar-Oblak, Katarina Šurlan Popović, 2016, original scientific article

Abstract: Due to the diversity of underlying factors and the absence of a uniform treatment approach, diagnosis and management of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) remain a challenging task.1 CVST represents 0.5% to 1% of all strokes and affects approximately 5 patients per million every year, but has a higher frequency among younger patients. Typical acquired risk factors include recent surgery, trauma, pregnancy, postpartum state, antiphospholipid syndrome, cancer and use of oral contraceptives. Cases of inherited thrombophilia include Antithrombin III, Protein C and Protein S deficiency, factor V Leiden positivity, prothrombin gene mutation and hyperhomocisteinemia. Infection of parameningeal spaces (ears, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, face and neck) is common cause of CVST in pediatric population but rare in adults. The symptoms of CVST are not specific. The most common complaint is headache which occurs in up to 90% of patients. Additionally, abnormal vision, any of the symptoms of stroke and seizures have been described. In the past D-dimer levels appeared to be of value as an initial screening test. A study in 2004 evaluated the sensitivity of D-dimer to be 97.1% and specificity 99.1%.8 However, later studies showed that up to 10% of patients with CVST have a normal D-dimer. As it is fast, affordable and widely available, non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is the most frequently performed imaging study for evaluation of patients with new headache, focal neurological abnormalities, seizure, or change in mental status. A typical imaging finding in patients with CVST is direct visualization of a hyperattenuating thrombus in the occluded sinus (dense sinus sign). Occasionally, NCCT may only show indirect signs of thrombosis, including diffuse brain edema and parenchymal hemorrhage. Sensitivity of NCCT in the diagnosis of CVST was previously considered rather poor. However, using modern multidetector row CT scanners, recent studies report higher sensitivity and specificity values. In addition, Buyck et al. suggest measurement of the venous sinus attenuation to increase the diagnostic yield of the examination. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of NCCT in the diagnosis of CVST in the emergency setting
Keywords: cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, computed tomography, stroke, radiologija, računalniška tomografija, diagnostika, možganski venski sinusi
Published in DiRROS: 09.05.2024; Views: 698; Downloads: 445
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