51. Dendrokronološka analiza debelinskega priraščanja smreke (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) na območju njene naravne in umetne razširjenosti v SlovenijiSamo Stopar, Jernej Jevšenak, Andrej Kobler, Tom Levanič, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Z dendrokronološkimi metodami smo analizirali debelinsko priraščanje smreke na osmih lokacijah v Sloveniji. Med njimi je bilo pet naravnih smrekovih združb, v druge je bila smreka umetno vnesena v preteklosti, oziroma je bil povečan njen naravni delež. Na vsaki ploskvi smo s prirastoslovnim svedrom odvzeli izvrtke najmanj 20 dreves. V dendrokronološkem laboratoriju smo jih posušili in zbrusili do visokega sijaja, nato pa skenirali s pomočjo sistema ATRICS ter izmerili širine branik v programih CooRecorder in CDendro. Ugotovili smo, da med naravnimi in antropogenimi rastišči ni značilnih razlik v debelinskem priraščanju. Na lokacijah Sorško polje, Ravnik in Mašun smo opazili spremembe v debelinskem priraščanju, ki kažejo, da se vpliv temperature zraka (toplejša poletja) in padavin (pogostejši pojav suše) na rast povečuje. Analiza značilnih let je pokazala, da so le-ta v zadnjih 30 letih pogostejša in da se pojavljajo na več lokacijah hkrati, predvsem pa se je povečalo število negativnih značilnih let, t.j. nadpovprečno toplih in suhih let.
Keywords: klimatske spremembe, naravna smrekova rastišča, antropogeno spremenjena rastišča smreke, dendrokronologija, Slovenija, debelinski prirastek
Published in DiRROS: 04.02.2019; Views: 5307; Downloads: 3830
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53. Green water reconstructed for Rižana watershed, SW SloveniaSimon Poljanšek, Urša Vilhar, Tom Levanič, original scientific article Abstract: In this case study, set in south-west Slovenia, the feasibility of reconstructing green water (the combined amount of evaporated and transpired water in trees and available in the soil) was investigated. In a simplifed scheme, the amounts of green water were calculated as the diference between precipitation and discharge of the Rižana river. Based on the methods of dendroclimatology, the climate signal was tested on black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) trees growing in the south-western part of the Rižana watershed near the Slovenian sea coast. Results showed that the measured tree-ring parameters of tree-ring width and density are strongly dependent on the amount of green water. The strongest correlation was between available green water in the period May-August and tree-ring width (r=0.61) and latewood width (r=%0.64) (both n=46, p<0.001). The climate signal is signifcant and stable through time, which enabled the reconstruction of green water data into the period before instrumentally measured data. Green water data from the May-August period were extended from 1966 back to 1937 using tree-ring width, and back to 1940 using latewood width. With additional coring of older trees and the extension of existing chronologies, even longer reconstructions could be developed.
Keywords: tree-ring width, tree-ring density, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, reconstruction
Published in DiRROS: 18.04.2018; Views: 2762; Downloads: 1645
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54. Growth response of different tree species (oaks, beech and pine) from SE Europe to precipitation over timeDejan Stojanović, Tom Levanič, Bratislav Matović, Stefan Stjepanović, Saša Orlović, original scientific article Abstract: Changing climatic conditions can have various consequences for forest ecosystems, from increasing frequencies of forest fires, ice and windstorm events to pathogen outbreaks and mass mortalities. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was chosen for the evaluation of drought impact on the radial growth of trees after extensive preliminary testing of various calculated monthly climate parameters from the CARPATCLIM database. SPI was calculated for periods between 3 and 36 months for different sites (lowland and mountainous parts of Serbia, Southeast Europe), from which Quercus robur, Q. cerris, Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris samples were acquired. Bootstrapped Pearson%s correlations between SPI monthly indices and radial growth of tree species were calculated. We found that 12-month SPI for summer months may be a good predictor of positive and negative growth of different species at different sites. The strongest positive correlations for five of six tree-ring width chronologies were between 12-month June and 14-month September SPI, which implies that high growth rates can be expected when the autumn of the previous year, and winter, spring and summer of the current year, are well supplied with precipitation, and vice versa (low precipitation in given period/low growth rates).
Keywords: standardized precipitation index, SPI, climate change, tree mortality, Quercus sp., Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris
Published in DiRROS: 18.04.2018; Views: 2957; Downloads: 1693
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55. DendroTools : R package for studying linear and nonlinear responses between tree-rings and daily environmental dataJernej Jevšenak, Tom Levanič, original scientific article Abstract: We introduce in this paper the dendroTools R package for studying the statistical relationships between tree-ring parameters and daily environmental data. The core function of the package is daily_response(), which works by sliding a moving window through daily environmental data and calculating statistical metrics with one or more tree ring proxies. Possible metrics are correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination and adjusted coeffi- cient of determination. In addition to linear regression, it is possible to use a nonlinear artificial neural network with the Bayesian regularization training algorithm (brnn). dendroTools provides the opportunity to use daily climate data and robust nonlinear functions for the analysis of climate-growth relationships. Models should thus be better adapted to the real (continuous) growth of trees and should gain in predictive capabilities. The dendroTools R package is freely available in the CRAN repository. The functionality of the package is demonstrated on two examples, one using a mean vessel area (MVA) chronology and one a traditional tree-ring width (TRW).
Keywords: dendroclimatology, daily climate data, running window, nonlinear modelling, tree-ring proxies, climate reconstruction
Published in DiRROS: 16.04.2018; Views: 2995; Downloads: 1875
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56. Uporaba metod strojnega učenja za preučevanje odnosov med značilnostmi branik in okoljemJernej Jevšenak, Sašo Džeroski, Tom Levanič, 2017, original scientific article Abstract: Različne študije so pokazale, da lahko z nelinearnimi metodami bolje opišemo (modeliramo) odnos med branikami in okoljem. V naši študiji smo primerjali (multiplo) linearno regresijo (MLR) in štiri nelinearne metode strojnega učenja: modelna drevesa (MT), ansambel bagging modelnih dreves (BMT), umetne nevronske mreže (ANN) in metodo naključnih gozdov (RF). Za primerjavo teh metod modeliranja smo uporabili štiri množice podatkov. Natančnost naučenih modelov smo ocenili z metodo 10-kratnega prečnega preverjanja (ang. 10-fold cross-validation) na naši množici in preverjanjem na dodatni testni množici. Na vseh množicah smo dobili boljše statistične kazalce za nelinearne metode s področja strojnega učenja, s katerimi lahko pojasnimo večji delež variance oz. dobimo manjšo napako. Nobena metoda se ni pokazala kot najboljša v vseh primerih, zato je smiselno predhodno primerjati več različnih metod in nato uporabiti najprimernejšo, npr. za rekonstrukcijo klime.
Keywords: strojno učenje, primerjava metod, dendroklimatologija, umetne nevronske mreže, modelna drevesa, ansambel modelnih dreves, naključni gozdovi, linearna regresija
Published in DiRROS: 21.02.2018; Views: 5324; Downloads: 3302
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57. Poročilo o spremljanju stanja gozdov za leto 2016 : vsebinsko poročilo o spremljanju stanja gozdov v l. 2016 v skladu s Pravilnikom o varstvu gozdov (2009)Mitja Ferlan, Andrej Grah, Jernej Jevšenak, Tom Levanič, Nikica Ogris, Špela Planinšek, Matej Rupel, Primož Simončič, Iztok Sinjur, Mitja Skudnik, Saša Vochl, Daniel Žlindra, Jure Žlogar, 2017, final research report Keywords: varstvo gozdov, monitoring, meteorologija, letni prirastek, poročila
Published in DiRROS: 03.10.2017; Views: 3228; Downloads: 1058
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59. Odvisnost velikosti prevodnih elementov doba (Quercus robur L.) od temperatur na dveh rastiščih Querco-Carpinetum v SlovenijiJernej Jevšenak, Tom Levanič, 2015, original scientific article Abstract: Namen študije je analizirati odnos med povprečnimi mesečnimi temperaturami in dimenzijami trahej dveh zdravih in ene propadajoče skupine dobov z dveh rastišč Querco-Carpinetum v Sloveniji. Kronologije povprečnih površin trahej in vsot površin trahej smo izdelali po predhodni skrbni pripravi površin vzorcev in analizi slik z makrom EWVA v programu ImageJ. Skupina propadajočih dreves s Cigonce je imela največje povprečne površine trahej in največjo površino prevodnega tkiva, kar povezujemo s propadanjem te skupine. Analiza časovne stabilnosti korelacijskih koeficientov je za propadajoča drevesa pojasnila negativne korelacijske koeficiente, ki niso bili stabilni v času. Vse skupine so se najbolj značilno odzivale na povprečne aprilske temperature. Pri vseh skupinah je bil klimatski signal najmočnejši v parametru povprečna površina trahej. Pri zdravih drevesih iz Mlač v primeru nadaljevanja trenda dvigovanja povprečnih temperatur pričakujemo večje povprečne površine trahej v prihodnjih desetletjih, ki so bolj izpostavljene problemu kavitacije. Padec podtalnice leta 1982 na Cigonci se časovno ujema s pričetkom padanja klimatskega signala v trahejah ranega lesa.
Keywords: dendroekologija, propadanje hrastov, anatomija lesa, okoljski signal, Quercus robur, traheje ranega lesa
Published in DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Views: 4761; Downloads: 2268
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60. Makro EWVA - učinkovito orodje za analizo prevodnih elementov ranega lesa venčastoporoznih listavcevJernej Jevšenak, Tom Levanič, 2014, original scientific article Abstract: V članku je predstavljena uporabnost programa ImageJ v lesni anatomiji. Njegova glavna prednost sta prosta dostopnost ter možnost vključevanja dodatnih vtičnikov in makrov. Program ImageJ smo uporabili kot platformo za razvoj makra EWVA za avtomatizirano prepoznavanje ranega lesa ter hitro in učinkovito analizo trahej venčastoporoznih listavcev. Uporabnost makra EWVA predstavljamo na primeru dveh dobov iz sestoja v Mlačah. V zaključku razpravljamo o prednostih in slabostih uporabljene metode.
Keywords: lesna anatomija, Quercus robur, traheje ranega lesa, prevodni elementi, ImageJ, makro, EWVA, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Views: 4606; Downloads: 2190
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