111. Prevalence of and factors associated with healthcare-associated infections in Slovenian acute care hospitals : results of the third national surveyIrena Klavs, Mojca Serdt, Aleš Korošec, Tatjana Lejko-Zupanc, Blaž Pečavar, 2019, original scientific article Abstract: Introduction. In the third Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey, conducted within the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals, we estimated the prevalence of all types of HAIs and identified factors associated with them. Methods. Patients were enrolled into a one-day cross-sectional study in November 2017. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the characteristics of patients, their exposure to invasive procedures and the prevalence of different types of HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of association of having at least one HAI with possible risk factors were performed to identify risk factors. Results. Among 5,743 patients, 4.4% had at least one HAI and an additional 2.2% were still treated for HAIs on the day of the survey, with a prevalence of HAIs of 6.6%. The prevalence of pneumoniae was the highest (1.8%), followed by surgical site infections (1.5%) and urinary tract infections (1.2%). Prevalence of blood stream infections was 0.3%. In intensive care units (ICUs), the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 30.6%. Factors associated with HAIs included central vascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.1; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.1–5.4), peripheral vascular catheter (aOR 3.0; 95% CI: 2.3–3.9), urinary catheter (aOR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4–2.3). Conclusions. The prevalence of HAIs in Slovenian acute care hospitals in 2017 was substantial, especially in ICUs. HAIs prevention and control is an important public health priority. National surveillance of HAIs in ICUs should be developed to support evidence-based prevention and control.
Keywords: healthcare-associated infections, prevalence, survey, risk factors, Slovenia
Published in DiRROS: 16.10.2020; Views: 2404; Downloads: 892
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112. Transcription factors gene expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polypsTanja Soklič, Matija Rijavec, Mira Šilar, Ana Koren, Izidor Kern, Irena Hočevar-Boltežar, Peter Korošec, 2019, original scientific article Abstract: Background. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) current therapeutic approaches still fail in some patients with severe persistent symptoms and recurrences after surgery. We aimed to evaluate the master transcription factors gene expression levels of T cell subtypes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) that could represent new, up-stream targets for topical DNAzyme treatment. Patients and methods. Twenty-two newly diagnosed CRS patients (14 CRSwNP and 8 CRSsNP) were prospectively biopsied and examined histopathologically. Gene expression levels of T-box transcription factor (T-bet, TBX21), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) and Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results. Eosinophilic CRSwNP was characterized by higher level of GATA3 gene expression compared to noneosinophilic CRSwNP, whereas there was no difference in T-bet, RORC and FOXP3 between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP. In CRSsNP, we found simultaneous upregulation of T-bet, GATA3 and RORC gene expression levels in comparison to CRSwNP; meanwhile, there was no difference in FOXP3 gene expression between CRSwNP and CRSsNP. Conclusions. In eosinophilic CRSwNP, we confirmed the type 2 inflammation by elevated GATA3 gene expression level. In CRSsNP, we unexpectedly found simultaneous upregulation of T-bet and GATA3 that is currently unexplained; however, it might originate from activated CD8+ cells, abundant in nasal mucosa of CRSsNP patients. The elevated RORC in CRSsNP could be part of homeostatic nasal immune response that might be better preserved in CRSsNP patients compared to CRSwNP patients. Further data on transcription factors expression rates in CRS phenotypes are needed.
Keywords: sinusitis, nasal polyps, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, transcription factors, chronic rhinosinusitis
Published in DiRROS: 09.10.2020; Views: 1522; Downloads: 830
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114. Outbreak of human metapneumovirus infection in zoo, SloveniaTina Uršič, Nika Lalek, Pavel Kvapil, Marjan Kastelic, Vasilij Cociancich, Irena Grmek-Košnik, Miroslav Petrovec, 2020, other scientific articles Keywords: metapneumovirus, infection diseases, zoo
Published in DiRROS: 11.09.2020; Views: 1364; Downloads: 730
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115. Non-invasive ventilation in patients with an altered level of consciousness : a clinical review and practical insightsGil Gonçalves, Haitham Saeed, Mohamed E Abdelrahim, Hadeer S Harb, Yasmin M Madney, Kevin Eng, Habib Mohammad Reazaul Karim, Mohamad F. El-Khatib, Bushra Mina, Szymon Skoczyński, Irena Šarc, 2020, review article Abstract: Non-invasive ventilation has gained an increasingly pivotal role in the treatment of acute hypoxemic and/or hypercapnic respiratory failure and offers multiple advantages over invasive mechanical ventilation. Some of these advantages include the preservation of airway defense mechanisms, a reduced need for sedation, and an avoidance of complications related to endotracheal intubation. Despite its advantages, non-invasive ventilation has some contraindications that include, among them, severe encephalopathy. In this review article, the rationale, evidence, and drawbacks of the use of noninvasive ventilation in the context of hypercapnic and non-hypercapnic patients with an altered level of consciousness are analyzed.
Keywords: noninvasive ventilation, brain diseases, consciousness disorders, coma, altered consciousness, encephalopathy
Published in DiRROS: 09.09.2020; Views: 1359; Downloads: 772
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117. Continuous positive airway pressure in non-apneic asthma : a clinical review of the current evidenceHabib Mohammad Reazaul Karim, Antonio M. Esquinas, Sally Ziatabar, Giuseppe Insalaco, Szymon Skoczyński, Irena Šarc, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Leyla Pur Ozyigit, Thierry Hernández-Gilsoul, Subrata Kumar Singha, 2020, review article Abstract: The use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the asthma has been a question of debate over the past several years. Various studies, including animal and human studies have attempted to understand the role and pathophysiology of CPAP in patients with either well controlled or poorly controlled asthma. The aim of this manuscript is to review the current available literature on the physiologic and clinical effects of CPAP in animal models of asthma and humans with stable asthma.
Keywords: asthma, bronchoconstriction, continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP
Published in DiRROS: 10.08.2020; Views: 1401; Downloads: 399
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118. Rak trebušne slinavke : kaj morate vedeti o bolezni?Janja Ocvirk, Martina Reberšek, Zvezdana Hlebanja, Erik Škof, Irena Oblak, Vaneja Velenik, Franc Anderluh, 2008, dictionary, encyclopaedia, lexicon, manual, atlas, map Keywords: dejavniki tveganja, simptomi, diagnostika, zdravljenje, bolečina
Published in DiRROS: 10.08.2020; Views: 1735; Downloads: 690
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119. Rak požiralnika : kaj morate vedeti o bolezni?Franc Anderluh, Irena Oblak, Vaneja Velenik, Janja Ocvirk, Zvezdana Hlebanja, Martina Reberšek, Mihael Sok, 2008, dictionary, encyclopaedia, lexicon, manual, atlas, map Keywords: dejavniki tveganja, simptomi, diagnostika
Published in DiRROS: 10.08.2020; Views: 1752; Downloads: 557
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