1. Obsevanje benignih bolezniIvica Ratoša, Blaž Grošelj, Boris Jančar, Uroš Smrdel, Jasna But-Hadžić, Helena Barbara Zobec Logar, 2024, review article Abstract: Cilja zdravljenja z obsevanjem benignih bolezni sta povrnitev funkcije in izboljšanje kakovosti življenja. Obsevanje benignih bolezni se običajno izvaja z nizko dnevno in celokupno obsevalno dozo. V primerjavi z dozo, ki se jo uporablja za zdravljenje malignih obolenj, je doza tukaj navadno precej nižja. S sodobnimi obsevalni-mi tehnikami, ki se uporabljajo v radioterapiji v zadnjem desetletju, je tveganje za poškodbe zdravega tkiva majhno. Z natančnim načrtovanjem obsevanja se žarki usmerijo na prizadeto območje, kar omogoča ohranitev zdravih tkiv. Obsevanje je tako varno in učinkovito, a je treba kljub temu vedno oceniti, kdaj je dobrobit obsevanja večja od morebitnih neželenih učinkov.
Keywords: obsevanje, benigne bolezni, bolečina
Published in DiRROS: 26.07.2024; Views: 561; Downloads: 236
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2. Expression of DNA-damage response and repair genes after exposure to DNA-damaging agents in isogenic head and neck cells with altered radiosensitivityVesna Todorović, Blaž Grošelj, Maja Čemažar, Ajda Prevc, Martina Nikšić Žakelj, Primož Strojan, Gregor Serša, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Background: Increased radioresistance due to previous irradiation or radiosensitivity due to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection can be observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The DNA-damage response of cells after exposure to DNA-damaging agents plays a crucial role in determining the fate of exposed cells. Tightly regulated and interconnected signaling networks are activated to detect, signal the presence of and repair the DNA damage. Novel therapies targeting the DNA-damage response are emerging; however, an improved understanding of the complex signaling networks involved in tumor radioresistance and radiosensitivity is needed. Materials and methods: In this study, we exposed isogenic human HNSCC cell lines with altered radiosensitivity to DNA-damaging agents: radiation, cisplatin and bleomycin. We investigated transcriptional alterations in the DNA-damage response by using a pathway-focused panel and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Results: In general, the isogenic cell lines with altered radiosensitivity significantly differed from one another in the expression of genes involved in the DNA-damage response. The radiosensitive (HPV-positive) cells showed overall decreases in the expression levels of the studied genes. In parental cells, upregulation of DNA-damage signaling and repair genes was observed following exposure to DNA-damaging agents, especially radiation. In contrast, radioresistant cells exhibited a distinct pattern of gene downregulation after exposure to cisplatin, whereas the levels in parental cells were unchanged. Exposure of radioresistant cells to bleomycin did not significantly affect the expression of DNA-damage signaling and repair genes. Conclusions: Our analysis identified several possible targets: NBN, XRCC3, ATR, GADD45A and XPA. These putative targets should be studied and potentially exploited for sensibilization to ionizing radiation and/or cisplatin in HNSCC. The use of predesigned panels of DNA-damage signaling and repair genes proved to offer a convenient and quick approach to identify possible therapeutic targets.
Keywords: DNA-damaging agents, gene expression, head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma
Published in DiRROS: 24.07.2024; Views: 682; Downloads: 209
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3. Pulsed low dose-rate irradiation response in isogenic HNSCC cell lines with different radiosensitivityVesna Todorović, Ajda Prevc, Martina Nikšić Žakelj, Monika Savarin, Simon Buček, Blaž Grošelj, Primož Strojan, Maja Čemažar, Gregor Serša, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: . Management of locoregionally recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is challenging due to potential radioresistance. Pulsed low-dose rate (PLDR) irradiation exploits phenomena of increased radiosensitivity, low-dose hyperradiosensitivity (LDHRS), and inverse dose-rate effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate LDHRS and the effect of PLDR irradiation in isogenic HNSCC cells with different radiosensitivity. Materials and methods. Cell survival after different irradiation regimens in isogenic parental FaDu and radioresistant FaDu-RR cells was determined by clonogenic assay; post irradiation cell cycle distribution was studied by flow cytometry; the expression of DNA damage signalling genes was assesed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Results. Radioresistant Fadu-RR cells displayed LDHRS and were more sensitive to PLDR irradiation than parental FaDu cells. In both cell lines, cell cycle was arrested in G2/M phase 5 hours after irradiation. It was restored 24 hours after irradiation in parental, but not in the radioresistant cells, which were arrested in G1-phase. DNA damage signalling genes were under-expressed in radioresistant compared to parental cells. Irradiation increased DNA damage signalling gene expression in radioresistant cells, while in parental cells only few genes were under-expressed. Conclusions. We demonstrated LDHRS in isogenic radioresistant cells, but not in the parental cells. Survival of LDHRSpositive radioresistant cells after PLDR was significantly reduced. This reduction in cell survival is associated with variations in DNA damage signalling gene expression observed in response to PLDR most likely through different regulation of cell cycle checkpoints.
Keywords: DNA damage, isogenic cell lines, low dose irradiation, pulsed low dose-rate irradiation, radiosensitivity
Published in DiRROS: 12.07.2024; Views: 495; Downloads: 141
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6. 1. Šola maligne utesnitve hrbtenjače : [strokovno srečanje]2023, not set Abstract: Izidi zdravljenja maligne utesnitve hrbtenjače (MUH) v Sloveniji trenutno niso najboljši. Obravnava bolnikov je kompleksna, multidisciplinarna in večnivojska. Takoj ko bolnik zazna znake MUH, mora stanje prepoznati zdravnik družinske medicine, hitro ukrepati ter ga napotiti na nevrološki pregled oziroma k lečečemu onkologu. Namen 1. Šole maligne utesnitve hrbtenjače je, da se zdravniki, ki sodelujemo pri prepoznavi in zdravljenju MUH pogovorimo o trenutnem stanju obravnave in vseh dilemah, ki jih imamo.
Keywords: maligna utesnitev
Published in DiRROS: 29.11.2023; Views: 984; Downloads: 444
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7. Obsevanje ginekoloških tumorjevBarbara Šegedin, Helena Barbara Zobec Logar, Manja Šešek, Ana Perpar, Blaž Grošelj, Miha Oražem, 2023, professional monograph Keywords: teleterapija, brahiterapija, prehrana, kemoterapija, stranski učinki
Published in DiRROS: 22.11.2023; Views: 969; Downloads: 253
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8. Porast incidence debelosti : možnosti ne-kirurškega zdravljenja raka endometrijaBlaž Grošelj, Barbara Šegedin, 2023, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: Rak endometrija je v zahodnem svetu najpogostejši ginekološki rak. Debelost je eden glavnih rizičnih faktorjev za razvoj raka endometrija. V zahodnem svetu se incidenca debelosti epidemično strmo povečuje. 10 % bolnic z rakom endometrija je zaradi debelosti oziroma pridruženih bolezni nesposobnih za primarno operativno zdravljenje. Alternativa je zdravljenje z obsevanjem. V članku navajamo nekaj novejših spoznanj s področja obsevanja raka endometrija in dokaze, da je tovrstno zdravljenje lahko enakovredno kirurškemu.
Keywords: rak maternice, ginekološki raki, ginekološka onkologija
Published in DiRROS: 01.06.2023; Views: 850; Downloads: 340
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9. Metastatska utesnitev hrbtenjače : prikaz primeraBlaž Grošelj, 2023, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: Metastatska utesnitev hrbtenjače je pogost zaplet pri bolnikih z razsejanim rakom prostate. Ima lahko hude posledice v smislu poslabšanja kakovosti življenja, predvsem zaradi hude bolečine, možne nepokretnosti (razvoj paraplegije oz. tetraplegije) in izgube kontinence za vodo in blato. Ob pojavu simptomov je nujno takojšnje diagnostično in terapevtsko ukrepanje. V članku bomo navedli nekaj novejših spoznanj s področja in prikazali primer klinične prakse z Onkološkega inštituta Ljubljana.
Keywords: rak prostate, onkološko zdravljenje, sistemsko zdravljenje
Published in DiRROS: 03.02.2023; Views: 1410; Downloads: 302
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