11. Celostna obravnava geokemije trdnih anorganskih delcev v urbanem okoljuMartin Gaberšek, 2020, doctoral dissertation Abstract: Biogeokemično kroženje elementov je v urbanih okoljih zaradi velikega števila prebivalcev in njihovih različnih dejavnosti precej drugačno kot v naravnih. Zaradi kompleksnosti urbanih okolij, je pri geokemičnih raziskavah treba uporabiti celosten pristop. To pomeni, da s kombinacijo različnih metod preučujemo vsebnosti in pojavljanje potencialno strupenih elementov (PSE) v več urbanih materialih. V okviru doktorske disertacije smo na urbanem območju Maribora raziskovali tla, podstrešni, stanovanjski in cestni prah ter trdne delce nakopičene v snegu in delce v zraku. Opredelili smo lastnosti obravnavanih materialov in geokemične značilnosti Maribora ter vpeljali analizo trdnih delcev v zraku s SEM/EDS. Prevladujoč mineral v tleh je kremen (geogen vpliv), v cestnem prahu dolomit (zimsko posipanje cest) in v podstrešnem prahu sadra, ki je najverjetneje sekundarnega nastanka. Analiza vsebnosti 65 elementov v tleh in vseh treh tipih prahov je pokazala, da se ti materiali po kemični sestavi medsebojno močno razlikujejo. Prevladujoč antropogen izvor smo v vseh materialih, z izjemo stanovanjskega prahu, pripisali Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn in Zn. Dodatno so v posameznih materialih pretežno antropogenega izvora še nekateri drugi PSE. Na dveh industrijskih območjih (Melje in Tezno) so vsebnosti PSE običajno najvišje, zato predvidevamo, da so večinoma posledica pretekle in sedanje kovinske industrije. V primerjavi s tlemi, so vsebnosti PSE višje v prahovih, kar je deloma posledica razlik v njihovem nastanku in v fizikalno-kemičnih lastnostih, vpliva antropogenih virov ter različnega zadrževalnega časa materialov. Podstrešni prah odraža zgodovinske vplive, cestni prah predvsem današnje vplive industrije in prometa ter stanovanjski prah vplive znotraj stanovanj. Z analizo prahov in delcev v snegu ter zraku s SEM/EDS smo ugotovili, da izmed delcev s PSE v vseh materialih prevladujejo oglati Fe-oksidi. Samo na industrijskem območju Melje se pojavljajo Cu-Zn ostružki, ki najverjetneje izvirajo iz livarne in Fe-Cr (Cu, Mn, Ni) ostružki, najverjetneje iz tovarne kovinskega pohištva ter livarne. Za Tezno so značilni predvsem visoki deleži Fe-oksidov in kroglastih Fe-oksidov, pogosto z nizkimi vsebnostmi Mn in drugih PSE. Glede na rezultate, kemična sestava stanovanjskega prahu odraža predvsem vire znotraj stanovanj in manj zunanje vplive. Izmed notranjih virov smo najbolj jasno prepoznali uporabo vžigalnikov v stanovanjih v katerih stanovalci kadijo, kar se odraža v visokih vsebnostih Ce, Fe in La ter pojavljanju Fe-Ce-La-O kroglic. Biodostopni deleži (BAF) PSE se močno razlikujejo med različnimi elementi, vzorci in materiali. V tleh, cestnem in podstrešnem prahu so večinoma večji v želodčni fazi kot v želodčno-črevesni. Za stanovanjski prah velja obratno. Med najbolj biodostopnimi PSE v želodčni fazi so Cd, Cu, Pb in Zn, katerih povprečni BAF je pogosto nad 40 %, ter v želodčno-črevesni As, Cd, Cu in Ni.
Keywords: urbana geokemija, trdni delci, potencialno strupeni elementi, biodostopnost, tla, podstrešni prah, stanovanjski prah, cestni prah, SEM/EDS
Published in DiRROS: 03.03.2022; Views: 1076; Downloads: 359
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12. The environmental impact of historical Pb-Zn mining waste deposits in SloveniaMiloš Miler, Špela Bavec, Mateja Gosar, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Mining waste deposits (MWDs) represent significant and constant pollution source for the environment worldwide, thus it is very important to identify and diminish their environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to determine long-term environmental impacts and their temporal variations of MWDs in Pb–Zn mining districts in Slovenia and assess stability of potentially harmful element (PHE)-bearing phases in stream water. The results showed that investigated MWDs are important source of PHEs in stream sediments and that PHEs mostly occur as fine-grained and liberated PHE-bearing ore minerals. MWDs have generally stronger impact on sediments of smaller streams draining MWDs and main streams close to their confluences, however, fine-grained PHE-bearing material is transported along major watercourses over long distances causing regional pollution. Main ore minerals are mostly soluble in stream water. However, measured PHE leaching potential of MWDs is negligible. PHE levels in stream waters are thus low, demonstrating that drainage of MWDs predominantly contributes to PHE pollution in solid particulate form. Possible long-term remediation solution that would reduce environmental impact is recovery of metals from fine grain size fractions of MWDs, which could become an effective practice in sustainable management of historical MWDs. However, further studies of MWDs’ secondary resource potential, processing technology and evaluation of environmental aspects of extraction are needed.
Keywords: metals, stream sediment, stream water, characterisation, mineral solubility
Published in DiRROS: 03.03.2022; Views: 681; Downloads: 512
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13. Towards a holistic approach to the geochemistry of solid inorganicparticles in the urban environmentMartin Gaberšek, Mateja Gosar, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Airborne particulate matter (PM) has a major impact on the biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements in theurban environment. Anthropogenic-derived PM emissions are the cause of some of the most severe environmen-tal and health problems. The presented study aims to improve our knowledge of PM dynamics by introducing amulti-media, multi-analytical and multi-elemental holistic approach to geochemical studies of inorganic PM inthe urban environment. The importance of the holistic approach is highlighted and its application in a casestudy of Maribor (Slovenia) is presented. The chemical composition and individual particulate characteristicsof street, attic and household dust were determined and compared with the characteristics of airborne PM,and PM deposited in snow, together with the chemical composition of the soil. We found that the mineralogicaland chemical composition and the individual solid particle characteristics of the studied media differ consider-ably. Nevertheless, minerals of geogenic origin are present in all media. The highest levels of potentially toxic el-ements (PTEs) in all media, except household dust, are typical for industrial areas. Street dust primarily reflectsthe influence of winter road maintenance and industrial activities, while characteristics of household dust arepredominantly influenced by indoor activities and properties of dwellings. The comparison of the chemical com-position of attic and street dust indicates that emissions of As, Cd, Pb, S and Zn were higher in the past. The char-acterisation of airborne PM and PM deposited in snow is essential for the identification of the mostrecentsourcesof PTE-bearing particles. Several industrial sources and the fate of some particle types in the environment havebeen determined based on thefindings of the SEM/EDS analyses. This study confirms that various environmentalmedia are carriers of diverse geochemical information and highlights the importance of a holistic approach ingeochemistry of PM in urban areas.
Keywords: Street dust, attic dust, household dust, airborne particulate matter, potentially toxic elements, SEM/EDS
Published in DiRROS: 06.01.2021; Views: 1706; Downloads: 841
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14. GPR survey to reveal a possible tectonic tilt of the Brežice Sava River Terrace in the Krško BasinMarjana Zajc, Marijan Poljak, Andrej Gosar, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: It has been supposed that the Brežice Sava River Terrace (BSRT) is tectonically disturbed near the town of Brežice and tilted to the north. To confirm this tectonically induced tilt in a quantitative sense, low-frequency Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) was applied. A total of eight GPR profiles were recorded across the BSRT providing information of the lower boundary of the terrace, which consists of loose to poorly cemented Quaternary gravel, while its Tertiary basement consists of poorly cemented carbonaceous silt (marl). The premise of the study was the assumption that this lithological boundary could be detected by the GPR method. In addition to the upper surface of the BSRT being tilted to the north by 0.18°, GPR profiles also showed a 0.04° difference in the tilt between the upper surface of the terrace and its lower boundary with the basement, which we assigned to the sin-sedimentary tilt. Upon this information, a cumulative tectonically induced dip of the BSRT lower boundary was defined at 0.22°.
Keywords: Brežice Sava River terrace, Krško basin, ground penetrating radar, tectonic tilt, seismic reflection profiling
Published in DiRROS: 06.01.2021; Views: 1407; Downloads: 648
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15. Smart hardware integration with advanced robot programming technologies for efficient reconfiguration of robot workcellsTimotej Gašpar, Miha Deniša, Primož Radanovič, Barry Ridge, Thiusius Rajeeth Savarimuthu, Aljaž Kramberger, Marc Priggemeyer, Jürgen Rossmann, Florentin Wörgötter, Tatyana Ivanovska, Shahab Parizi, Žiga Gosar, Igor Kovač, Aleš Ude, 2020, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 10.09.2020; Views: 1648; Downloads: 745
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