1. The Superblock model : a review of an innovative urban model for sustainability, liveability, health and well-beingMark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Audrey De Nazelle, Marta Cirach Pradas, Carolyn Daher, Angel M. Dzhambov, Cynthia Echave, Stefan Gössling, Tamara Iungman, Haneen Khreis, Nicolina Kirby, Jernej Tiran, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Introduction
Current urban and transport planning practices have significant negative health, environmental, social and economic impacts in most cities. New urban development models and policies are needed to reduce these negative impacts. The Superblock model is one such innovative urban model that can significantly reduce these negative impacts through reshaping public spaces into more diverse uses such as increase in green space, infrastructure supporting social contacts and physical activity, and through prioritization of active mobility and public transport, thereby reducing air pollution, noise and urban heat island effects. This paper reviews key aspects of the Superblock model, its implementation and initial evaluations in Barcelona and the potential international uptake of the model in Europe and globally, focusing on environmental, climate, lifestyle, liveability and health aspects.
Methods
We used a narrative meta-review approach and PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched using specific terms.
Results
The implementation of the Super block model in Barcelona is slow, but with initial improvement in, for example, environmental, lifestyle, liveability and health indicators, although not so consistently. When applied on a large scale, the implementation of the Superblock model is not only likely to result in better environmental conditions, health and wellbeing, but can also contribute to the fight against the climate crisis. There is a need for further expansion of the program and further evaluation of its impacts and answers to related concerns, such as environmental equity and gentrification, traffic and related environmental exposure displacement. The implementation of the Superblock model gained a growing international reputation and variations of it are being planned or implemented in cities worldwide. Initial modelling exercises showed that it could be implemented in large parts of many cities.
Conclusion
The Superblock model is an innovative urban model that addresses environmental, climate, liveability and health concerns in cities. Adapted versions of the Barcelona Superblock model are being implemented in cities around Europe and further implementation, monitoring and evaluation are encouraged. The Superblock model can be considered an important public health intervention that will reduce mortality and morbidity and generate cost savings for health and other sectors. Keywords: urban geography, transport, public health, pollution, sustainable development, Barcelona (Spain) Published in DiRROS: 07.08.2024; Views: 94; Downloads: 119
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2. Načrt središča za Jugovzhodno EvropoYannis Fallas, Nikolaos Ntavos, Panagiotis Karagiannis, Dimitris Tsimplinas, Georgios Ntalos, Polona Hafner, Andreja Vedenik, Jožica Gričar, Iva Božić, Danijela Šarić Bartolović, Ivan Ambroš, 2024, treatise, preliminary study, study Keywords: transport lesa, dobre prakse, inovacije, trajnost Published in DiRROS: 26.07.2024; Views: 139; Downloads: 2 |
3. Benthic sediment as stores and sources of bacteria and viruses in streams : a comparison of baseflow vs. stormflow longitudinal transport and residence timesJennifer D Drummond, José Gonçalves, Tomás Aquino, Susan A. Bernal, Esperança Gacia, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Valentina Turk, Maja Ravnikar, Stefan Krause, Eugenia Martí Roca, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The presence of bacteria and viruses in freshwater represents a global health risk. The substantial spatial and temporal variability of microbes leads to difficulties in quantifying the risks associated with their presence in freshwater. Fine particles, including bacteria and viruses are transported and accumulated into shallow streambed (i.e., benthic) sediment, delaying the downstream transmission during baseflow conditions but contributing to their resuspension and transport downstream during stormflow events. Direct measurements of pathogen accumulation in benthic sediments are rare. Until now, the dynamic role of benthic sediment as both a store and source of microbes, has not been quantified. In this study, we analyze microbial abundance in benthic sediment along a 1 km reach of an intermittent Mediterranean stream receiving inputs from the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant, a known point source of microbes in streams. We sampled benthic sediment during a summer drought when the wastewater effluent constituted 100 % of the stream flow, and thus, large accumulation and persistence of pathogens along the streambed was expected. We measured the abundance of total bacteria, Escherichia coli (as a fecal indicator), and presence of enteric rotavirus (RoV) and norovirus (NoV). The abundance of E. coli, based on qPCR detection, was high (4.99∙102 gc /cm2) along the first 100 m downstream of the wastewater effluent input and in general decreased with distance from the source, with presence of RoV and NoV along the study reach. A particle tracking model was applied, that uses stream water velocity as an input, and accounts for microbial exchange into, immobilization, degradation, and resuspension out of benthic sediment during baseflow and stormflow. Rates of exchange into benthic sediment were 3 orders of magnitude higher during stormflow, but residence times were proportionately lower, resulting in increased longitudinal connectivity from up to downstream during stormflow. Model simulations demonstrated mechanistically how the rates of exchange into and out of the benthic sediment resulted in benthic sediment to act as a store during baseflow and a source during stormflow. Keywords: E. coli, norovirus, rotavirus, benthic sediment, pathogen transport, microbial risk Published in DiRROS: 12.07.2024; Views: 146; Downloads: 128
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5. Austrofoma 2023Marjan Dolenšek, Peter Smolnikar, Martin Jež, Amina Gačo, Urban Žitko, Vasja Kavčič, Matjaž Dovečar, 2023, professional article Keywords: traktorji, gozdarska mehanizacija, sejmi, strojna sečnja, transport lesa Published in DiRROS: 12.01.2024; Views: 550; Downloads: 255
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7. Catalytic lignin valorisation by depolymerisation, hydrogenation, demethylation and hydrodeoxygenation : mechanism, chemical reaction kinetics and transport phenomenaTina Ročnik, Blaž Likozar, Edita Jasiukaityte, Miha Grilc, 2022, review article Keywords: lignin, valorisation, depolymerisation, mechanism, kinetic modelling, transport phenomena Published in DiRROS: 01.07.2022; Views: 750; Downloads: 497
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8. Vplivi transporta lesa na tla gozdnega predela Planina VetrhRobert Robek, 1994, original scientific article Abstract: Pri gradnji gozdnih prometnic in pri transportu lesa nastajajo v gozdu poškodbe tal, ki se v času in prostoru spreminjajo. Na primeru ekološko občutljivega predela lesnoproizvodnih gozdov (463 ha), je avtor analiziral vrsto in obseg obstoječe poškodovanosti tal vzdolž grajenih prometnic. Skupna površina motenih tal ne presega 5% površine predela, pri čemer največji delež površinskih motenj pripada neprimerno zgrajenim odsekom gozdnih cest. Delež površin motenih tal vzdolž traktorskih vlak je neznaten, vpliv opuščenih prometnic pa zanemarljiv. Povprečna površina motenih tal na normalnih sekcijah je pomemben parameter za presojo vplivov obstoječih in načrtovanih odsekov gozdnih prometnic na tla. Za primerljivi ploskvi v predelu je avtor analiziral stopnjo zbitosti tal pri spravilu lesa po brezpotju z goseničnim traktorjem in z večbobenskim žičnim žerjavom s stolpom. Dokazan je bil vpliv traktorskega spravila na padec poroznosti tal in analiziran vpliv dinamičnih obremenitev tal pri traktorskem spravilu lesa Keywords: transport lesa, spravilo lesa, gozdne prometnice, tla, poškodbe, poroznost tal Published in DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Views: 4544; Downloads: 1895
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