1. Vsebnosti potencialno strupenih elementov v sedimentih in vodah reke Meže in njenih pritokov, ki odvodnjavajo odlagališča rudarskih odpadkovMateja Gosar, Špela Bavec, Miloš Miler, Martin Gaberšek, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Predstavljeni so rezultati spremljanja vsebnosti potencialno strupenih elementov (PSE) v sedimentih (v letih 2013, 2017, 2020) in vodah (v letih 2017, 2020) reke Meže ter njenih pritokov, ki odvodnjavajo odlagališča rudarskih odpadkov. Skupno 13 vzorčnih mest je vzpostavljenih v vzorčni shemi, ki omogoča dolgoročno opazovanje vpliva odlagališč rudarskih odpadkov. V sedimentih so zaradi vplivov več kot 300-letnega delovanja rudarsko-predelovalne industrije močno povečane vsebnosti PSE, predvsem Pb, Zn, Cd, Mo in As, ki s časom precej nihajo. Razlike v vsebnostih na istih lokacijah v različnih letih so najbolj izrazite v pritokih reke Meže, ki drenirajo odlagališča rudarskih odpadkov. Na vsebnosti imajo pomemben vpliv hidrološki pogoji, saj so ob višjem vodostaju in višjem pretoku vsebnosti PSE večje. Vodna erozija odlagališč ima pomemben vpliv na dotok onesnaženega materiala v vodotoke. V nasprotju s pritoki, v zgornjem toku reke Meže nismo opazili večjega vpliva višjega vodostaja in pretoka na vsebnosti PSE v sedimentih. Dolvodno od Žerjava so nihanja vsebnosti med posameznimi leti oz. različnimi hidrološkimi pogoji tudi v Meži večja. Predstavljeni rezultati kažejo, da so v sedimentih reke Meže in njenih pritokov vsebnosti Pb, Zn, Cd, Mo in As zelo velike ter krepko presegajo zakonsko določeno kritično vrednost za tla. V površinski vodi so vsebnosti PSE lokalno povečane in se s časom bistveno ne spreminjajo. Glede na primerjavo z zakonodajnimi smernicami, so v obravnavanih vodah lokalno presežene koncentracije Pb, Cd in Zn. Ocenjujemo, da je dinamika obremenjenosti sedimentov reke Meže s PSE vzdolž krajev Črna na Koroškem, Žerjav in Mežica zelo kompleksna. Poleg odlagališč rudarskih odpadkov na vsebnosti PSE v sedimentih in vodah vplivajo tudi razpršeni viri v okolju, kot so onesnažena tla in poplavne ravnice ter njihova različna stopnja onesnaženosti, saj je okolje obremenjeno zaradi dolgoletnih rudarskih in talilniških dejavnosti. Dodaten okoljski vpliv ima morda tudi sedanja industrijska dejavnost v dolini reke Meže.
Keywords: rudarjenje, rudarski odpadki, odlagališča odpadkov, potencialno strupeni elementi, rečni sedimenti, monitoring, onesnaženje okolja
Published in DiRROS: 09.07.2024; Views: 63; Downloads: 13
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2. Mining waste in circular economy - legislative aspectSenko Pličanič, Ana Mladenovič, Alenka Mauko Pranjić, Petra Vrhovnik, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: One of the common European commitments is a transition towards a green circular economy in which waste is not discarded and considered to be just an environmental problem, but should be recognized as an important potential source of raw materials for industry. In a priority order in waste management activities, introduced by the Waste Directive in 2012, recycling is set just behind the waste prevention and reuse. Many types of waste can be recycled, the most perspective being construction, industrial and mining wastes. The latter are produced and disposed of at mine sites during the excavation and processing of ore and are extremely perspective due to large quantities and remaining of different metals, however still underutilized, with low recycling rate. Many mining wastes are inert and do not releases contaminants into environment, however, some of them are problematic and even require monitoring. Reprocessing of these wastes, which include beneficiation and sequential extraction of valuable metals in the first phase and recycling of residues in both structural and civil engineering in the second phase establishes a zero waste model with several benefits for economy, environment and society. Out of the South-East European countries, North Macedonia has great potential to establish this model. As a consequence of long mining tradition and abundant ore resources, there are many mining and metallurgical tailings, on the other hand vivid economy and numerous sinks for use of recycled materials in construction sector can accommodate these quantities. However, there are open questions in terms of administrative procedures and legislation. What are those obstacles that accompany the smooth establishment of the proposed model from a legislative point of view? This paper deals with the situation in North Macedonia, in terms of opportunities, legislative options and the need to adopt new legislation, taking also into account the current problems in this field in Europe.
Keywords: circular economy, zero-waste approach, mining waste, construction sector, legislation, krožno gospodarstvo, pristop ničelnega odpadka, rudarski odpadki, gradbeništvo, zakonodaja
Published in DiRROS: 04.12.2023; Views: 327; Downloads: 173
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3. The valorisation of selected quarry and mine waste for sustainable cement production within the concept of circular economyEmilija Fidanchevski, Katarina Šter, Maruša Mrak, Ljiljana Kljajević, Gorazd Žibret, Klemen Teran, Bojan Poletanovic, Monika Fidanchevska, Sabina Dolenec, Ildikó Merta, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The cement industry could potentially consume large amounts of solid industrial waste in order to improve its sustainability. The suitability of selected quarry and mine waste as secondary raw materials (SRM) was examined for the sustainable production of cement following the concept of a circular economy. The chemical, mineralogical, and radiological characterization of SRM was conducted in this study. Its potential use in low-carbon and low-energy belite-sulfoaluminate cement was investigated by incorporating the examined SRM into cement clinker. Various characterization methods were used to characterize the cement, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DTA/TG), and isothermal calorimetry. Depending on the chemical composition of the waste, lower or higher amounts were allowed to be incorporated into the raw clinker mixture for a targeted clinker phase composition. Among the samples, differences were observed in the phase composition of synthesized clinkers, which slightly influenced the reactivity of the cement but did not significantly change the compressive strength of the final product.
Keywords: mineralne surovine, rudarski odpadki, rudniki, kamnolomi, cement, klinker, krožno gospodarstvo, BCSA clinker, cement, circular economy, clinker, mine wastes, quarry waste
Published in DiRROS: 10.06.2022; Views: 744; Downloads: 389
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