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2. Prolonged hospitalization signature and early antibiotic effects on the nasopharyngeal resistome in preterm infantsAchal Dhariwal, Polona Rajar, Gabriela Salvadori, Heidi Aarø Åmdal, Dag Berild, Ola Didrik Saugstad, Drude Fugelseth, Gorm Greisen, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Respiratory pathogens, commonly colonizing nasopharynx, are among the leading causes of death due to antimicrobial resistance. Yet, antibiotic resistance determinants within nasopharyngeal microbial communities remain poorly understood. In this prospective cohort study, we investigate the nasopharynx resistome development in preterm infants, assess early antibiotic impact on its trajectory, and explore its association with clinical covariates using shotgun metagenomics. Our findings reveal widespread nasopharyngeal carriage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) with resistomes undergoing transient changes, including increased ARG diversity, abundance, and composition alterations due to early antibiotic exposure. ARGs associated with the critical nosocomial pathogen Serratia marcescens persist up to 8–10 months of age, representing a long-lasting hospitalization signature. The nasopharyngeal resistome strongly correlates with microbiome composition, with inter-individual differences and postnatal age explaining most of the variation. Our report on the collateral effects of antibiotics and prolonged hospitalization underscores the urgency of further studies focused on this relatively unexplored reservoir of pathogens and ARGs.
Keywords: preterm infants, respiratory resistome, whole genome sequencing, genetics, drug effects
Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2025; Views: 62; Downloads: 25
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3. Numerical modelling of air-induced drag reduction allowing the transition between bubbly, air layer and mixed regimesBenjamin Krull, Kasper Bilde, Christian Kringel, Richard Meller, Matej Tekavčič, Filotas Tziaros, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: Air lubrication can reduce the frictional resistance of ships, leading to significant fuel cost savings. However, the performance of air lubrication systems varies considerably, depending on the operating conditions. Complex gas morphologies play a crucial role here but are difficult to predict. Such a variety of morphologies (bubbly flow, air layers, or mixed regimes) requires morphology-adaptive methods, such as MultiMorph. This method allows for multiple morphologies of a given phase, including the transfer between them. The injection of gas can result in air bubbles, air layers, or a mixed regime, based on local transfer mechanisms. The ability to predict these morphologies is a distinctive feature of this method. Alternative methods prescribe a specific regime a priori, and do not allow a transition. To assess the suitability of MultiMorph for air lubrication problems, two geometries with different complexities are considered. The first test validates the method against flat plate experiments. Various water velocity and gas flow rate combinations were considered to investigate their influence on gas morphology and the associated drag reduction. The second case features a three-dimensional ship hull geometry with two bubble injectors to test the applicability of the method to a more complex scenario, including a curved geometry. The method performs well in both test cases and qualifies as a useful tool for numerical investigations of air lubrication phenomena.
Keywords: air lubrication, air layer, gas injection, bubbly flow, drag reduction, numerical modelling
Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2025; Views: 69; Downloads: 24
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5. Porodna poškodba – avulzija mišice levator aniSara Vodopivec, Darija Šćepanović, Mija Blaganje, 2025, professional article Abstract: Ob prvem vaginalnem porodu ženske pride v 10–35 % do avulzije oz. odtrganja dela mišice levator ani (MLA) z njenega narastišča na sramni kosti. Avulzija MLA je pomemben dejavnik tveganja za motnje v delovanju medeničnega dna in za zdrs medeničnih organov. MLA sestavljajo 3 strukturne komponente: m. iliococcygeus, m. pubococcygeus, m. puborectalis. Slednja tvori zanko okrog anorektalnega stika in s tem vzdržuje anorektalni kot. Trikotni prostor, ki ga zanka MLA obdaja, imenujemo levatorjev hiatus, skozi katerega potekajo sečnica, nožnica in anus. Levatorjev hiatus predstavlja največjo potencialno herniacijsko odprtino v telesu. Ob kronanju plodove glavice se morajo medialne vitre MLA raztegniti tudi do trikratne dolžine v mirovanju. Doslej dokazani dejavniki tveganja za avulzijo MLA so: višja starost ob prvem porodu, nižji indeks telesne mase porodnice, porod s forcepsom in z vakuumsko ekstrakcijo, podaljšana druga porodna doba. O vlogi epiziotomije se literatura razhaja. Epiduralna analgezija bi lahko bila zaščitni dejavnik. Klinično lahko avulzijo MLA prepoznamo s palpacijo kontinuitete mišice preko stene nožnice. Diagnostični standard za avulzijo MLA je transperinealni ultrazvočni pregled (UZ). Zgodnje odkrivanje in ukrepanje bi bilo smiselno, da bi izboljšali oskrbo žensk s porodno poškodbo MLA in zmanjšali vpliv le-te na kakovost življenja ženske. Pomembno bi bilo, da bi imele ženske s porodno poškodbo medeničnega dna možnost fizioterapevtske obravnave po porodu. Transperinealni UZ za oceno MLA in analnega sfinktra bi bilo smiselno opraviti pri ženskah po prvem vaginalnem porodu, predvsem v primeru večje poškodbe porodne poti po porodu in v primeru poteka poroda z večjim tveganjem za porodno poškodbo MLA.
Keywords: medenično dno, porodna poškodba, zdrs medeničnih organov, pregled, fizioterapija
Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2025; Views: 66; Downloads: 25
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6. Impact of chest tube type on pain, drainage efficacy, and short-term treatment outcome following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy : a randomized controlled trial comparing coaxial silicone drains and standard polyvinyl chloride drainsBoris Greif, Janez Žgajnar, Tomaž Štupnik, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Background: Chest drains are routinely used after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lung resections to evacuate fluid and air from the pleural space. We compared the impact of coaxial silicone (SIL) drains vs. standard polyvinyl chloride (PVC) drains on postoperative pain, drainage efficacy, and short-term treatment outcome following VATS lobectomy. Methods: The prospective randomized study included 80 patients who underwent VATS lobectomy for lung cancer between September 2020 and June 2023. Patients were randomized into two groups based on the type of chest drain used postoperatively: 40 in the experimental group (coaxial SIL drain Fr 24) and 40 in the control group (standard PVC drain Fr 24). The researchers collecting the data and the caregivers were not blinded to the group allocation. The primary objective was to evaluate pain over the initial 2 postoperative days by assessing analgesic consumption, respiratory muscle strength [measured as maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP)], and pain intensity using the visual analog scale (VAS). MIP, MEP, and VAS were measured both at rest and during physical activity. Results: Sixty-nine patients were included in the final analysis: 35 in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. The groups were comparable in terms of drainage efficacy and short-term treatment outcome, but pain was significantly lower in the experimental group (coaxial SIL drain). Diclofenac consumption was significantly lower in the experimental group (P=0.004), with a trend toward lower consumption of other analgesics. All respiratory muscle strength measurements were higher in the experimental group, with significant differences in static MIP on the second postoperative day (P=0.046), both static (P=0.02) and dynamic (P=0.050) MEP on the first postoperative day, and static MEP on the second postoperative day (P=0.02). Static VAS (S-VAS) on the first postoperative day was statistically significantly lower in the experimental group (P=0.003). Dynamic VAS (D-VAS) was comparable between the groups. Conclusions: This study confirmed the hypothesis that coaxial SIL drains, owing to their softer material, cause less pain while maintaining efficacy comparable to standard PVC drains.
Keywords: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, VATS, lobectomy, postoperative pain, chest tube, analgesia
Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2025; Views: 67; Downloads: 26
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7. Can vestibular rehabilitation therapy be a vital support for patients transitioning home after undergoing acoustic neuroma surgery?Nataša Kos, Nika Černec, Marko Brcar, Maruša Brcar, 2025, published scientific conference contribution abstract Keywords: surgery, vestibular, disorders, VRT, FGA
Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2025; Views: 57; Downloads: 25
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8. Image-guided injections for facet joint pain : evidence-based Delphi conjoined consensus paper from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology and European Society of NeuroradiologyLuca Maria Sconfienza, Danoob Dalili, Miraude Adriaensen, Domenico Albano, Georgina Allen, Maria Pilar Aparisi Gomez, Žiga Snoj, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Objectives: To perform a Delphi-based consensus on published evidence on image-guided injections for facet joint pain (FJP) and provide clinical indications. Methods: We report the results of an evidence-based Delphi consensus of 38 experts from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology and the European Society of Neuroradiology, who reviewed the published literature for evidence on image-guided injections for FJP. Experts drafted a list of statements and graded them according to the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine levels of evidence. Consensus was considered strong when ≥ 95% of experts agreed with the statement or broad when > 80% but < 95% agreed. The results of the consensus were used to write the paper. Results: Twenty statements on image-guided FJP treatment have been drafted. Eighteen statements received strong consensus, while two received broad consensus. Three statements reached the highest level of evidence, all of them regarding the lumbar spine. All radiological methods are used for image-guided injections for FJP, and regardless of the radiological method used, all show good safety and efficacy. Facet joint injections and medial branch blocks are used in all spinal regions to treat FJP, and both show similar clinical outcomes. Advanced technological solutions have been studied in the field of lumbar FJP; however, the level of evidence for these is low. Conclusion: Despite promising results reported by published papers on image-guided injections for FJP, there is still a lack of evidence on injection efficacy, appropriateness of imaging methods, and optimal medication.
Keywords: spine, facet joints, interventional radiology, injection, Delphi process
Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2025; Views: 59; Downloads: 23
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9. Epidemiological and Clinical Data from the European lipodystrophy (ECLip) registryGiovanni Ceccarini, Camille Vatier, Baris Akinci, Ines Belalem, Marjoleine Broekema, Eva Csajbok, Iztok Štotl, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Objective: Lipodystrophy syndromes comprise a group of rare diseases characterized by loss of adipose tissue without nutritional or catabolic causes. As the rarity of these conditions necessitates collaboration, the European Consortium of Lipodystrophies (ECLip) established an international, longitudinal registry for patients with all forms of lipodystrophy (excluding HIV-associated cases). Methods: From December 2017 to November 2023, 19 centres from 13 countries recruited 631 patients into the ECLip registry. Cross-sectional data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Prospective data was available for 467 patients (82.7%, female; 86.5% adults; median age 44.0 years). Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) was the most common subtype (57.4%), especially FPLD2 (37.9%). However, in men congenital generalized lipodystrophy was nearly as common as FPLD (33.3% vs. 35.8%). Symptoms at onset varied by subtype, with loss of adipose tissue being the most frequent. More than 70% of the patients suffered from metabolic complications, particularly dyslipidaemia (59.0%) and diabetes (48.4%) but prevalence and severity varied between subtypes (prevalence of diabetes for example 76.9% in patients with acquired partial lipodystrophy vs 8.7% in acquired localized lipodystrophy). Metreleptin, the only disease-specific treatment, was used by 11.6% of all patients. 34 deaths were documented, primarily due to cardiovascular events and cancer. Patients with generalized forms of lipodystrophy died earlier compared to patients with partial forms (median age at death 27.0 vs. 72.0 years). Conclusion: This study describes the largest cohort of patients with lipodystrophy reported to date. The dataset offers a comprehensive view of the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and associated comorbidities of lipodystrophy.
Keywords: lipodystrophy, registry, metabolic diseases, chronic complications, adipose tissue, leptin
Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2025; Views: 76; Downloads: 28
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10. Electrochemical assessment of crosslinked self-assembled monolayers of behenic acid for enhanced corrosion protection of bronze and patinated surfacesHelena Biljanić, Barbara Markulić, Tadeja Kosec, Marija Mirosavljević, Vladan Desnica, Domagoj Šatović, Damir Kralj, Katarina Marušić, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: Bronze sculptures and historical artifacts typically develop natural or artificially induced patinas that enhance aesthetic value and confer some degree of corrosion protection. However, patinated surfaces are vulnerable to environmental degradation, especially due to acid rain, resulting in material loss and impaired visual integrity. Current protective coatings are limited by either environmental or performance constraints. While self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on fatty acids such as behenic acid offer potential corrosion protection by forming ultrathin layers on metal surfaces, their long-term effectiveness is compromised by limited chemical stability. This study addresses this critical gap by evaluating the protective effectiveness and durability of SAMs and polymer nanocoatings (PNCs) derived by crosslinking SAMs from behenic acid using gamma irradiation on bare bronze (BB), black sulfide-patinated bronze (BP), and green chloride-patinated bronze (GP) surfaces. The assessment focused primarily on electrochemical performance, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) measurements to evaluate coating stability and corrosion resistance before and after artificial aging. Initial surface characterization employed spectroscopic (FTIR-ATR, Raman spectroscopy), microscopic (SEMEDS, metallography), elemental (X-ray fluorescence), wettability (contact angle goniometry), and visual analyses (colorimetry) to characterize the composition and morphology of the substrates. Distinct structural and chemical differences were identified, with BP characterized primarily by anilite (Cu₇S₄) and GP consisting predominantly of basic copper chlorides (Cu₂(OH)₃Cl), such as atacamite and its isomorphs. Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that while SAM coatings initially reduced corrosion current densities significantly, their protective capability diminished over time due to progressive removal of loosely bound molecules. Conversely, radiation-crosslinked PNC coatings maintained stable corrosion protection over UV-WetDry artificial aging. Minor capacitance increases indicated slight enhancement in surface activity, yet no significant degradation of the crosslinked polymer coating was observed.
Keywords: bronze, crosslinked protection, electrochemistry
Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2025; Views: 68; Downloads: 27
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