271. In Search of New Concepts : The Challenges of the Modern Humanities in the Pedagogical Focus (On Lech Witkowski’s Philosophical Works)Olena Budnyk, 2024, review article Abstract: The article provides an analysis of the scientific work of the prominent Polish philosopher, cultural critic, sociologist, and educator Lech Witkowski in the field of modern humanities, application of hermeneutics, critical reflection, and anthropology, including: (1) scientific reflections on the integration of the humanities and social sciences, the findings of the humanities as applied to pedagogy; several conceptual ideas of pedagogy viewed in their relation to philosophy and culture; (2) criticism against dualism towards bipolarity (unifying duality); (3) important aspects of cultural ecology, tradition, and their implications for education; (4) the concept of the “explosive effect” of reading in the humanities and its dynamics; (5) the phenomenon of identity through various perspectives, (6) shedding light on the difficulties concerning the effectiveness of modern scientific research and education. The fundamental concepts of the contemporary humanities are, according to Witkowski, interpreted through such categories as ambivalence, duality, irony, tradition, identity, and others, taking into consideration the extent of ethical and cognitive distancing, as well as the analytical and critical approach to the study of scientific texts.
Keywords: modern humanities, hermeneutic circle, anti-positivist breakthrough, critical pedagogy, cultural ecology, interdisciplinarity
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 109; Downloads: 27
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272. Philosophical Foundations of PostmodernityRené Dentz, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Postmodernity revealed itself, especially in philosophy, as a separation from the ideals that were overly exalted in the modern era with the supremacy of subjective reason. The nihilism, into which the world was plunged, became the object of philosophical investigations, making nothingness gain new meanings. Nietzsche and Heidegger were mainly responsible for such a change in vision and value. The article aims to understand how this process of change occurred as well as to identify, according to Gianni Vattimo’s vision, possible solutions for the imminent end that metaphysics and philosophy are heading towards.
Keywords: postmodernity, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Vattimo, nihilism
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 84; Downloads: 20
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273. Being-at-Home : Winnicott, Levinas, and BachelardDavid-Augustin Mândruț, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The paper investigates the concept of being-at-home in both phenomenology and psychoanalysis. In order to accomplish this task, I draw on Donald Winnicott’s scattered psychoanalytical observations regarding the question what belonging to a home means. Furthermore, certain phenomenological concepts, which can be found in the works of canonical authors, such as Emmanuel Levinas and Gaston Bachelard, are applied onto this analysis. The whole aim is to prove that in both phenomenology and psychoanalysis, the notion of being-at-home plays a major role. Moreover, the two disciplines, bringing along their own perspectives, contribute to and enrich one another. I attempt to show that the home, which we live in, is of great importance in establishing the potential space (between mother and infant). Therefore, I endeavor to prove that the home is not merely a house, but allows the potential space (Winnicott) to take place and unfold. From there, play and creativity arise.
Keywords: home, dwelling, play, recollection, dreams, day-dreams, nostalgia
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 79; Downloads: 19
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274. Pričevanje in prebivanje : Biti-priča in biti-v-svetuManca Erzetič, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: »Prebivanje« je tudi po zaslugi Martina Heideggra postalo eno izmed osrednjih pojmovanj v sodobni filozofiji. Prispevek obravnava povezavo med topologijo prebivanja in eksistencialno strukturo biti-priča, ki je začrtana v Heideggrovi ekspoziciji biti-v-svetu v Biti in času. V nadaljevanju se prispevek posveča predvsem Heideggrovi opredelitvi zgodovine kot pričevanjskosti v predavanju »Hölderlin in bistvo pesništva« (1936). Zgodovinskost kot pričevanjskost prvotno opredeljuje možnost prebivanja, sicer to zapade v situacijo brezdomovinskosti. Naposled je v povezavi s tem podan še zasnutek »zgodovinskega mišljenja« pri hrvaškem filozofu Vanji Sutliću
Keywords: prebivanje, pričevanje, Heidegger, biti-v-svetu, zgodovina, Sutlić
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 83; Downloads: 21
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275. Die Stille des Seyns und die Fülle des Nichts : Zur Erfahrung des Heilsamen im Denken Martin HeideggersJohannes Vorlaufer, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The Silence of Beyng and the Fullness of Nothingness. On the Experience of the
Salvific in Martin Heidegger’s Thought
In various contexts of his work, Heidegger speaks of the wholesome and of the disaster, of the holy, of salvation, of need and of needlessness. The starting point for the following reflections is Heidegger’s short essay “Der Feldweg [Country Path],” where he speaks of the “silent power of the field path,” its power of “serenity.” But what is this “power” based on? In the third of his Feldweg-Gespräche [Country Path Conversations], Heidegger talks about the salutary in a dialogical way that invites into a conversation. The experience of silence mentioned there must be reflected upon, and thus the question of whether the experience of silence can be healing should be addressed: such a reconsideration of Heidegger leads the interpretation back to the fundamental ontological analysis of fallenness and, from there, gains access to “the need of needlessness” and the question of what is salutary.
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 68; Downloads: 16
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276. Das Freisein : Zum Begriff des Seinkönnens in Sein und ZeitPetar Šegedin, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Being-Free. On the Concept of potentiality-for-Being in Being and Time
The paper explores Martin Heidegger’s understanding of Dasein in the sense of “potentiality-for-Being [Being-able-to-be]” (Seinkönnen) or “Possibility” (Möglichkeit) in his work Being and Time (Sein und Zeit). At the heart of this concept is the circumstance that Heidegger does not understand possibility as a modal category, which in the logical sense is opposite to necessity, and in the ontological sense to reality. Heidegger strives for possibility as such, that is, for possibility as “real possibility.” The paper shows that this concept is based on Heidegger’s analysis of death. As “the possibility of the absolute impossibility of Dasein” death is the ultimate, inevitable, and most inherent possibility of each human being. As Dasein’s ownmost possibility, which is, however, indefinite in time, the possibility of death is shown as the element that capacitates Dasein for its unique free existence.
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 56; Downloads: 17
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277. Ontological Aspects of the Literary Work of Art in Roman Ingarden and Nicolai HartmannSazan Kryeziu, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The aesthetics of Roman Ingarden and Nicolai Hartmann are phenomenological in the Husserlian sense of the term. Although both Ingarden as well as Hartmann owe their ideas to Husserl, each of them worked independently of the other and provided different accounts with regard to the anatomy and the mode of existence of the literary work of art, which have proven to be invaluable for its study. While Ingarden’s account utilizes the properties of conscious acts to explain the appearance of an aesthetic object, Hartmann employs the founding properties of the conscious acts in the human temporality, within which these acts are performed. However, there are also some specific similarities to be found in their theories of ontology, concerning the “stratified structures” of the different kinds of aesthetic objects. The present paper is an attempt to develop a comparison with respect to certain questions related to Ingarden’s and Hartmann’s ontologies of the literary work of art. The aim is to answer these questions from the point of view of both Ingarden as well as Hartmann.
Keywords: phenomenology, ontology, aesthetics, literary work of art, Roman Ingarden, Nicolai Hartmann
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 65; Downloads: 25
Full text (303,55 KB) |
278. Normalität als Grundphänomen des Lebens : Versuch einer phänomenologischen AnnäherungBence Peter Marosan, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Normality as a Fundamental Phenomenon of Life. An Attempt at a Phenomenological Approach
In the present article, we attempt to show that Husserl’s notion of life should be characterized by an inherent normativity at every level. In this regard, we can also differentiate between normality—as a more encompassing concept—and normativity—as a specific concept—, but the focus of our study is on normativity, which is a narrower notion. We attempt to distinguish and analyze the main types of normativity in Husserl’s texts. In the discussions regarding the most important levels of normativity, we essentially rely on Anthony Steinbock’s considerations, according to whom one can separate four fundamental types of normativity: accordance, optimality, typical normativity, and home or home-world (Heimwelt). The subsequent crucial point of our investigations is to show that the main levels of normativity have a different order in rational, self-aware beings, on the one hand, and in non-rational beings without self-consciousness, on the other. Finally, we try to demonstrate that there exists a principal connection between affectivity and normativity, and that affectivity has a decisive role in the constitution of different forms of normativity.
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 66; Downloads: 20
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279. The Significance of the Phenomenon in Immanuel Kant’s and Edmund Husserl’s Transcendental PhilosophyIrfan Muhammad, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The article explores the concept of the phenomenon in the transcendental philosophies of Immanuel Kant and Edmund Husserl, arguing for the intricate connections and divergences between their philosophical frameworks. Kant’s transcendental idealism, rooted in the a priori knowledge and the conditions for human cognition, marks a pivotal shift from previous rationalist beliefs in non-empirical knowledge. By emphasizing phenomena as the ultimate objects of human cognition and asserting that the conditions for experience are inherent in the human mind, Kant lays the groundwork for a critical analysis of the relationship between subjectivity and objectivity. In contrast, Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology introduces a methodical approach to uncovering the essence of consciousness and phenomena. Central to Husserl’s transcendental idealism is the concept of intentionality, which serves as a bridge between consciousness and objects of knowledge. Unlike metaphysical idealism, Husserl’s transcendental idealism focuses on the correlation between phenomena and consciousness rather than solely on internal cognitive operations. The article navigates the evolution from Kant’s critical idealism to Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology, highlighting their shared emphasis on phenomena as the focal point of human cognition.
Keywords: phenomenon, Kant, Husserl, transcendental idealism, human cognition
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 72; Downloads: 17
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280. Kant’s Transcendentalism and Tillich’s Ontological TheologyMindaugas Briedis, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The article discusses Paul Tillich’s ontology against the background of Kant’s transcendental philosophy, and attempts to show that Tillich criticizes Kant’s critical demarcation of knowledge, on the one hand, and incorporates the categorial forms of Kant’s transcendental philosophy into his ontology, on the other. When constructing the concept of ontology, Tillich uses Kant’s categorical analysis and critique of metaphysics. Thus, Tillich’s approach to Kant’s epistemology is polemical and requires a deeper analysis. Like Kant, Tillich raises the question of what it means to exist and how this existence relates to God. Although Kant’s transcendental dialectic justifies the impossibility of proving God through intellectual operations, the mind can contemplate ultimate reality. For both thinkers, the main problem becomes the application of reason beyond its theoretical competence.
Keywords: Kant, Tillich, transcendental horizon, categories, ontology, finitude
Published in DiRROS: 21.10.2024; Views: 56; Downloads: 17
Full text (348,48 KB) |
