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1762. Revealing subtle active tectonic deformation: integrating lidar, photogrammetry, field mapping, and geophysical surveys to assess the Late Quaternary activity of the Sava Fault (Southern Alps, Slovenia)Petra Jamšek Rupnik, Jure Atanackov, Barbara Horn, Branko Mušič, Marjana Zajc, Christoph Grützner, Kamil Ustaszewski, Sumiko Tsukamoto, Matevž Novak, Blaž Milanič, Anže Markelj, Kristina Ivančič, Ana Novak, Jernej Jež, Manja Žebre, Miloš Bavec, Marko Vrabec, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: We applied an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the late Quaternary activity of the Sava Fault in the Slovenian Southern Alps. The Sava Fault is an active strike-slip fault, and part of the Periadriatic Fault System that accommodated the convergence of Adria and Europe. It is one of the longest faults in the Southern Alps. Using high-resolution digital elevation models from lidar and photogrammetric surveys, we were able to overcome the challenges of assessing fault activity in a region with intense surface processes, dense vegetation, and relatively low fault slip rates. By integrating remote sensing analysis, geomorphological mapping, structural geological investigations, and near-surface geophysics (electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar), we were able to find subtle geomorphological indicators, detect near-surface deformation, and show distributed surface deformation and a complex fault pattern. Using optically stimulated luminescence dating, we tentatively estimated a slip rate of 1.8 ± 0.4 mm/a for the last 27 ka, which exceeds previous estimates and suggests temporal variability in fault behavior. Our study highlights the importance of modern high-resolution remote sensing techniques and interdisciplinary approaches in detecting tectonic deformation in relatively low-strain rate environments with intense surface processes. We show that slip rates can vary significantly depending on the studied time window. This is a critical piece of information since slip rates are a key input parameter for seismic hazard studies.
Keywords: active fault, lidar, photogrammetry, tectonic geomorphology, structural geology, geophysics, electrical resistivity tomography, ground penetrating radar, slip rate, Sava Fault
Published in DiRROS: 30.04.2024; Views: 544; Downloads: 272
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1763. Structure of native four-repeat satellite III sequence with non-canonical base interactionsErin Chen, Marko Trajkovski, Hyun Kyung Lee, Samantha Nyovanie, Kailey N. Martin, William L. Dean, Mamta Tahiliani, Janez Plavec, Liliya A. Yatsunyk, 2024, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 30.04.2024; Views: 423; Downloads: 356
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1764. Towards improved online dissolution evaluation of Pt-alloy PEMFC electrocatalysts via electrochemical flow cell - ICP-MS setup upgradesLeonard Moriau, Tina Đukić, Vojtech Domin, Roman Kodym, Martin Prokop, Karel Bouzek, Matija Gatalo, Martin Šala, Nejc Hodnik, 2024, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 29.04.2024; Views: 443; Downloads: 302
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1765. The impact of urban rain on the changes of bare and artificially patinated bronze during 9-year exposureTadeja Kosec, Mirjam Bajt Leban, Polonca Ropret, Matjaž Finšgar, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Atmospheric pollutants in the air form acid rain which interacts with bronze surfaces exposed in urban outdoor environment. In this study, different types of patinas on bronze were investigated during and after 9 years of exposure to urban environment in moderately polluted continental city. Natural bronze patina and artificial brown sulphide, green chloride, and green–blue nitrate patinas were investigated. Visual assessment was carried out at defined periods. After 9 years of exposure, an electrochemical study was performed to investigate the electrochemical activity of the patinas in artificial urban rain. Additionally, the patinas were characterised using a variety of techniques, including metallographic examination, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to analyse the surface morphology, chemical composition, and stratigraphic features of the patinas. Evolution of the patinas was shown to be a result of both, the composition of the acid rain and the hydrophobicity of the patinated surfaces.
Keywords: bronze, bronze, corrosion, patina characterization
Published in DiRROS: 29.04.2024; Views: 466; Downloads: 1274
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1769. Ingenious architecture and coloration generation in enamel of Rodent teethVesna Šrot, Sophia Houari, Gregor Kapun, Birgit Bußmann, Felicitas Predel, Boštjan Pokorny, Elena Bužan, Ute Salzberger, Bernhard Fenk, Marion Kelsch, Peter van Aken, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Teeth exemplify architectures comprising an interplay of inorganic and organic constituents, resulting in sophisticated natural composites. Rodents (Rodentia) showcase extraordinary adaptations, with their continuously growing incisors surpassing human teeth in functional and structural optimizations. In this study, employing state-of-the-art direct atomic-scale imaging and nanoscale spectroscopies, we present compelling evidence that the release of material from ameloblasts and the subsequent formation of iron-rich enamel and surface layers in the constantly growing incisors of rodents are complex orchestrated processes, intricately regulated and independent of environmental factors. The synergistic fusion of three-dimensional tomography and imaging techniques of etched rodent́s enamel unveils a direct correlation between the presence of pockets infused with ferrihydrite-like material and the acid resistant properties exhibited by the iron-rich enamel, fortifying it as an efficient protective shield. Moreover, observations using optical microscopy shed light on the role of iron-rich enamel as a microstructural element that acts as a path for color transmission, although the native color remains indistinguishable from that of regular enamel, challenging the prevailing paradigms. The redefinition of “pigmented enamel” to encompass ferrihydrite-like infusion in rodent incisors reshapes our perception of incisor microstructure and color generation. The functional significance of acid-resistant iron-rich enamel and the understanding of the underlying coloration mechanism in rodent incisors have far-reaching implications for human health, development of potentially groundbreaking dental materials, and restorative dentistry. These findings enable the creation of an entirely different class of dental biomaterials with enhanced properties, inspired by the ingenious designs found in nature.
Keywords: teeth microstructure, ameloblasts, ferritin, Fe-rich enamel, tomography, rodent
Published in DiRROS: 26.04.2024; Views: 483; Downloads: 360
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1770. Schwarz-Pick lemma for harmonic maps which are conformal at a pointFranc Forstnerič, David Kalaj, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: We obtain a sharp estimate on the norm of the differential of a harmonic map from the unit disc ${\mathbb D}$ in ${\mathbb C}$ into the unit ball ${\mathbb B}^n$ in ${\mathbb R}^n$, $n\ge 2$, at any point where the map is conformal. In dimension $n=2$, this generalizes the classical Schwarz-Pick lemma, and for $n\ge 3$ it gives the optimal Schwarz-Pick lemma for conformal minimal discs ${\mathbb D}\to {\mathbb B}^n$. This implies that conformal harmonic immersions $M \to {\mathbb B}^n$ from any hyperbolic conformal surface are distance-decreasing in the Poincaré metric on $M$ and the Cayley-Klein metric on the ball ${\mathbb B}^n$, and the extremal maps are precisely the conformal embeddings of the disc ${\mathbb D}$ onto affine discs in ${\mathbb B}^n$. Motivated by these results, we introduce an intrinsic pseudometric on any Riemannian manifold of dimension at least three by using conformal minimal discs, and we lay foundations of the corresponding hyperbolicity theory.
Keywords: harmonic maps, minimal surfaces, Schwarz–Pick lemma, Cayley–Klein metric
Published in DiRROS: 25.04.2024; Views: 430; Downloads: 235
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