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Abstract: This review paper explores the concepts of overstrength and ductility as fundamental components of capacity- based design with a focus on timber engineering. It addresses the necessity of implementing overstrength and capacity-based design principles for effectively managing both accidental and characteristic load scenarios. Current approaches define overstrength either within the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) framework or by means of structural reliability analyses at component level, both with clear limitations in controlling the overall structural reliability and the target failure hierarchy, which is exemplified and demonstrated by a parameter study. In response, a new thematic approach for overstrength factors is proposed, formulated within the structural reliability framework, which enhances the understanding and application of ductility in design. This new methodology is benchmarked against existing approaches, therefore demonstrating its effectiveness. A clear and concise definition of ductility is emphasised as essential for a meaningful application of capacity-based design in clear conjunction with the concept of overstrength. The aim is to create a clear classification of component failure modes either as brittle (non-dissipative, non-ductile) or ductile (and dissipative, i.e. connections which provide also ductility in reverse loadings without severe pinching), which is crucial for reliably achieving a failure hierarchy where ductile failures precede brittle failures. The findings underline the importance of integrating overstrength and ductility into timber engineering practice to improve structural safety and at the same time to achieve resilient designs.
Keywords: overstrength, timber engineering, connections, joints, ductile failure, brittle failure
Published in DiRROS: 14.07.2025; Views: 326; Downloads: 188
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Abstract: Single crystals are essential for characterizing a wide range of magnetic states, including exotic ones such as quantum spin liquids. This study reports a flux method for growing single crystals of NdTa7O19, the first quantum spin liquid candidate on a triangular spin-lattice with dominant Ising-like spin correlations. Purple NdTa7O19 single crystals with hexagonal morphology were successfully grown by using a K2Mo3O10–B2O3 flux. With lateral sizes up to 3.5 mm and a thickness up to 2 mm, these are the largest dimensions reported to date. The chemical composition was confirmed by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction along with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Aiming for an accurate determination of the magnetic anisotropy and its effect on the magnetic properties, NdTa7O19 crystals were additionally analyzed by magnetic susceptibility, revealing a substantial anisotropy without long-range magnetic ordering down to 2 K. Single crystals of two novel rare-earth heptatantalates, ErTa7O19 and GdTa7O19, were also grown, and their magnetic properties investigated. The magnetic anisotropy of ErTa7O19 closely resembles that of isostructural NdTa7O19, indicating the possibility of a similar exotic magnetic ground state. In contrast, GdTa7O19 shows paramagnetic behavior, consistent with previous results obtained for polycrystalline samples.
Keywords: quantum spin liquid, single-crystal growth, magnetic properties, flux, rare-earth tantalates
Published in DiRROS: 14.07.2025; Views: 412; Downloads: 297
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Abstract: This paper analyses the agrarian reform and colonization in Slavonia and Vojvodina from 1945 to 1948. This process can be viewed as the culmination of the processes of land redistribution which started in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. However, land redistribution and colonization after World War II took place in vastly different circumstances, not only due to the new political system, but also due to the forceful expulsion of the German-speaking population in those areas. Although colonization was initially viewed as a long-term project, it had concluded up by the beginning of 1948. The paper analyzes the colonization and land redistribution from the perspective of colonists from Dalmatia who were settled in Slavonia and Vojvodina. Based on archival sources and existing scholarly works on this topic, it analyzes the reasons for the relocation of certain groups, the methods that were used in the redistribution of land, and how it permanently changed society in the region.
Keywords: agrarna reforma, kolonizacija, kolektivizacija, komasacija, Slavonija, Vojvodina, Jugoslavija, 1945/1948
Published in DiRROS: 14.07.2025; Views: 384; Downloads: 153
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Abstract: Prispevek obravnava odnos slovenske družbe do tranzicijske pravičnosti. Ugotavlja, da slovenska družba in država v letih po osamosvojitvi in prehodu iz nedemokratičnega v demokratični sistem nista znali v polnosti sprejeti in izpeljati vseh potrebnih ukrepov za odpravo prestanih krivic in kaznovanje storilcev. Na tem področju je bil sicer dosežen napredek, predvsem kar zadeva vprašanje poprave krivic, pozitivno vlogo je odigralo tudi Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije, predvsem v svojem prvem mandatu. Nasprotno pa na področju povračilne pravičnosti ni bilo doseženega preboja, saj ni za kršenje človekovih pravic v nedemokratičnem režimu nihče sodno odgovarjal. Posledice slovenska družba in njeni ljudje čutijo v vsakdanjem življenju tako v institucijah državne oblasti kot tudi v zasebnem sektorju.
Keywords: tranzicijska pravičnost, kazensko pravo, ustavno sodišče, človekove pravice, vojni zločini, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 14.07.2025; Views: 415; Downloads: 144
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Abstract: In the years after Hungary’s regime change, a lively political and public debate emerged about the possibility of justice for the crimes committed during the decades of communist dictatorship. The Justice Act, introduced by governing party MPs, retroactively suspended the statute of limitations for treason and intentional homicide in cases where the regime did not prosecute these crimes for obvious political reasons. This would have provided a constitutional opportunity to bring to justice those responsible for the atrocities of the 1950s and the reprisals that followed the 1956 revolution. The law adopted by Parliament was annulled by the Constitutional Court on grounds of continuity and legal certainty. In its view, the retroactive suspension of the statute of limitations is incompatible with the rule of law and justice must therefore be pursued by a completely different route.
Keywords: ustavno sodišče, kazensko pravo, zakonodaja, pravičnost, sprememba režima, Madžarska, 1950/1960
Published in DiRROS: 14.07.2025; Views: 269; Downloads: 137
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