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Abstract: Background Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes respiratory disease ranging from mild to severe and in rare cases a paralytic syndrome, called acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Since the global EV-D68 outbreak in 2014, the virus has mainly circulated in biennial epidemic cycles with peaks detected during even years. However, following the COVID-19 pandemic, the seasonal pattern of EV-D68 has been characterized by large yearly upsurges. Here, we describe the circulation of EV-D68 in Europe in 2023 and track its genetic evolution. Study design Data was compiled from members of the European Non-Polio Network (ENPEN). This included monthly data on the total number of EV samples tested, EV positive samples, EV-D68 positive samples and cases, and other EV positive samples detected in 2023. Information on sample types and surveillance system was recorded. Sequence data from the VP1 gene was used for phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analysis. Results EV was detected in 13,585 out of 203,622 diagnostic samples tested (6.7 %), of which 402 (3.0 %) were determined as EV-D68, representing 386 cases. EV-D68 infections peaked in October 2023 (136/386; 35.2 %). 267/386 (69.2 %) of EV-D68 cases were captured through clinical EV surveillance, almost all of which (202/204 of positive samples with sample type information) were detected in respiratory specimens. Phylogenetic analysis performed on 99 VP1 sequences revealed a distinct B3-derived lineage with a previously undescribed residue change, D554E, in Europe. Conclusions The study documents sustained circulation of EV-D68 in Europe in 2023, the evolution of B3-derived lineages, and appearance of previously undescribed amino acid substitutions in Europe. This stresses the need for continuous EV-D68 surveillance and harmonization of EV-D68 detection practices towards better data comparability across countries.
Keywords: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), Europe, Epidemiology, B3-derived, lineages, Surveillance
Published in DiRROS: 27.06.2025; Views: 492; Downloads: 327
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Abstract: Background Enteroviruses (EV) cause yearly outbreaks with severe infections, particularly in young children. This study investigates EV circulation, age, and clinical presentations in Europe from 2018 to 2023. Methods Aggregated data were requested from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control National Focal Points for Surveillance and European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network. Data included detection month, specimen type, age group, and clinical presentation for the 10 most commonly reported EV types per year. Results Twenty-eight institutions (16 countries) reported 563 654 EV tests during the study period with 33 265 (5.9%) EV positive. Forty-two types were identified (n = 11 605 cases) with echovirus 30 (E30), coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6), EV-D68, E9, E11, CVB5, E18, CVB4, EV-A71, and E6 most frequently reported. E30 declined after 2018/2019, while CVA6, CVB5, E9, E11, and EV-D68 were prevalent both before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and CVB4 and E18 were prevalent after the pandemic. A shift in seasons (summer to fall) and specimen positivity (feces to respiratory) was observed. Neurological signs predominated among EV-A71, CVB4, CVB5, E6, E9, E11, E18, and E30 (30%–72%). CVB4, CVB5, E9, E11, and E18 were frequently reported among neonates (18%–32%). CVA6 was frequently associated with hand, foot and mouth disease, and EV-D68 with respiratory infections. Paralysis was reported among 22 infections, associated with 10 nonpolio types. Conclusions This study emphasizes the widespread circulation and severity of EV infections in Europe, as well as the (re)emergence of specific types postpandemic. Our findings highlight the need for continuous EV surveillance to monitor variation in circulation, age, and clinical presentations, including paralysis among nonpolio EV infections.
Keywords: enterovirus, laboratory detection, surveillance, Europe, epidemiology
Published in DiRROS: 27.06.2025; Views: 444; Downloads: 250
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Abstract: Obračun partijskih »zdravih sil« oz. konservativcev z »liberalci« je bil v ZKS izveden jeseni 1972. Konec septembra 1972 je partijsko članstvo prejelo pismo predsedstva ZKJ in izvršnega biroja predsedstva ZKJ oz. t. i. Titovo pismo. V njem je bilo zapisano, da gre za usodo socializma v Jugoslaviji, zato morajo komunisti okrepiti svojo aktivnost v organih samoupravljanja, državnih organih in družbenopolitičnih organizacijah. Pismo je bilo naperjeno predvsem proti liberalizmu. V občinskem komiteju Zveze komunistov Kamnik so omenjeno pismo obravnavali na 2. seji občinske konference ZKS Kamnik, ki je potekala 12. oktobra 1972 v sejni dvorani Skupščine občine Kamnik. V članku so predstavljeni glavni poudarki iz razprave, iz katerih je razvidno, da razen redkih izjem razpravljavci niso doumeli prelomnosti Titovih stališč in spremembe »partijskega kurza«.
Keywords: Slovenija, komunistična partija, Kamnik (Slovenija), 1972, Titovo pismo, konec liberalizma
Published in DiRROS: 26.06.2025; Views: 368; Downloads: 136
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Abstract: Članek na podlagi literature in pričevanj razčlenjuje življenjsko pot Franca Jeze (1916–1984), pisatelja, publicista in borca za samostojno ter demokratično Slovenijo. Ta krščanski socialist, sodelavec OF in nekdanji taboriščnik je po drugi svetovni vojni zapustil tedanjo Jugoslavijo in se za stalno naselil v Trstu. V prispevku je obravnavano njegovo življenje od prebega v Italijo jeseni 1948 do smrti v Trstu 20. januarja 1984. Jeza ni bil italijanski državljan in ni imel stalne službe, zato se je težko preživljal, zlasti kot zunanji sodelavec Radia Trst A in tednika Novi list, razvil pa je izjemno publicistično delo kot urednik, kritik, kronist, prevajalec, a tudi kot izvirni leposlovni avtor. V javno zavest pa se je najbolj vtisnilo njegovo zavzemanje za demokratično in neodvisno Slovenijo.
Keywords: Franc Jeza, samostojna slovenskega država, Trst, Udba – jugoslovanska tajna politična policija, Slovenci v Trstu
Published in DiRROS: 26.06.2025; Views: 364; Downloads: 127
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Abstract: Po koncu druge svetovne vojne maja 1945 so se v Sloveniji začeli prvi procesi pred vojaškimi sodišči, na katerih so bili med obsojenimi večinoma civilisti in zelo malo vojaških oseb. Sodišča so bila organizirana ter so sodila in izrekala kazni na podlagi Uredbe o vojaških sodiščih iz maja 1944. Postopki so bili hitri in kratki. Vojaška sodišča so obsodila največ civilistov, ki so bili obtoženi, da so med vojno sodelovali z okupatorji in delovali proti partizanskemu gibanju, ker so (oziroma naj bi) bili člani okupatorjevih političnih organizacij in vojaških formacij; posebej veliko je bilo procesov zaradi članstva v Kulturbundu. Potekali so tudi sodni procesi proti nemškim in slovenskim podjetnikom ter lastnikom denarnih zavodov in procesi proti vojaškim osebam – pripadnikom Slovenskega domobranstva, ki so jim sodili v taboriščih Šentvid in Teharje.
Keywords: vojaško sodstvo, Uredba o vojaških sodiščih, kazenski sodni procesi, procesi proti pripadnikom Slovenskega domobranstva, poletje 1945
Published in DiRROS: 26.06.2025; Views: 311; Downloads: 128
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