961. Nanostructure-induced functional combination of vanishing magnetostriction and magnetic softness in ferromagnetic ▫$(GaNi)_xCoCrFe (x = 0.4–1.6)$▫ high-entropy alloysJože Luzar, Andreja Jelen, Juraj Nálepka, Saeid Salari, Primož Koželj, Stanislav Vrtnik, Peter Mihor, Julia Petrović, Magdalena Wencka, Goran Dražić, Anton Meden, Janez Dolinšek, 2024, original scientific article Keywords: multi-phase alloys, multi-scale structured materials, magnetic softness, nanomagnetism
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 277; Downloads: 146
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962. Antigenotoxic effects of Tartary and common buckwheat extracts, rutin, and quercetin on DNA damage induced by the dietary mutagen acrylamideMaja Vogrinčič, Bojana Žegura, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The antigenotoxic effects of methanolic extracts of Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) and common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) flour were evaluated against acrylamide-induced DNA damage. Acrylamide, a toxic food contaminant, was first identified in 2002 following its detection in Swedish food products. Our findings demonstrate that extracts from both buckwheat species significantly reduced DNA strand breaks. Tartary buckwheat contains higher levels of rutin, quercetin, and polyphenols, and exhibits greater antioxidant activity compared to common buckwheat. Due to endogenous rutin-degrading glucosidase activity, part of the rutin was enzymatically converted into quercetin. Processing generally decreased antioxidant activity, with the exception of wheat bread, where a slight increase was observed, likely attributed to Maillard reaction products. We confirmed that acrylamide induces genotoxic effects in HepG2 cells at all tested concentrations (0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mM) after 24 hours of exposure, and that methanolic buckwheat extracts effectively reduced the formation of acrylamide-induced DNA damage. The extract from Tartary buckwheat demonstrated the highest antigenotoxic activity, surpassing even pure rutin or quercetin at higher concentrations. These results suggest that although thermal processing can generate potentially harmful compounds, such as acrylamide, food matrices may simultaneously contain bioactive components capable of counteracting or mitigating such adverse effects.
Keywords: common buckwheat, Tartary buckwheat, DNA damage, acrylamide, antigenotoxic
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 292; Downloads: 102
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963. First report of an invasive Japanese beetle Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) in SloveniaŠpela Modic, Eva Praprotnik, Primož Žigon, Eva Groznik, Jaka Razinger, Igor Nekrep, 2025, original scientific article Keywords: first finding, priority plant pest, scarab beetle, invasive alien species, DNA barcoding, hitchhiker, quarantine pest
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 291; Downloads: 163
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964. Chemosensory behavioural responses to prey and conspecifc chemical stimuli in Elaphe quatuorlineata (Bonnaterre, 1790)Filip Lah, Alenka Žunič Kosi, Matjaž Bedjanič, Anamarija Žagar, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Skin lipids and other semiochemicals of the integument of snakes act as chemical signals and have various functions, but the behavioural responses to semiochemicals are rarely studied. In this study, we isolated the scent of the Four-lined Snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata) both from a living individual and from shed skin. We then examined the tongue-ficking responses of these snakes to determine if isolated lipid extractions of snake skin could be recognized by conspecifcs. We detected that the snakes ficked their tongues more frequently when exposed to the scent of prey and shed skin extract than to a control with no scent. We also examined the infuence of ontogeny, with adult female snakes exhibiting higher relative tongue fick rates than subadult females. Elaphe quatuorlineata is protected and listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN, and these snakes are difcult to detect for biomonitoring purposes due to their elusive lifestyle. The use of semiochemicals that elicit behavioural responses could facilitate feld searches, improve knowledge of the species’ biology and behaviour, and contribute to its conservation.
Keywords: chemical communication, sexual cues, dietary cues, pheromones, behaviour, snakes, protected species
Published in DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Views: 256; Downloads: 110
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965. An innovative approach to implementing advanced energy projects in urban areas : from comprehensive simulation to actual implementationBoris Sučić, Edvard Košnjek, Marko Đorić, Fouad Al-Mansour, Marko Matkovič, Tomaž Damjan, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The recent energy crisis has once again confirmed that energy and resource efficiency, combined with the use of renewable-energy sources, must be the backbone of future sustainable development across all sectors. It is also clear that achieving climate neutrality by 2050, or sooner, will require new approaches. At the implementation level, the social, technical and financial realities of local energy projects demand solutions that appeal to a variety of stakeholders, including utilities, energy service companies, banks, and end users, who must collaborate to bring projects from the idea to a practical implementation. Presented here is a methodical approach to establishing advanced energy communities in complex urban environments and implementing advanced projects with a common energy infrastructure. The outcomes of the first use case clearly indicate that investing in an energy community is beneficial from multiple perspectives. Detailed simulations enabled an accurate assessment of additional renewable-energy potential, revealing that the company in question has the capacity to install another 11,000 kWp of PV in Ljubljana and other locations across Slovenia. This would increase the share of renewable energy in its total electricity consumption to 31 %, which is in line with the national target for 2030. In the second use case, a significant potential for utilizing excess heat from a data room was identified. An economic analysis showed that the excess-heat utilization project has a payback period of 2.5 years, a net present value of over EUR 47,000 and an internal rate of return of 40 %.
Keywords: energy communities, excess heat
Published in DiRROS: 24.09.2025; Views: 263; Downloads: 121
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966. Energy cost centre-based modelling of sector coupling in local communitiesEdvard Košnjek, Boris Sučić, Mojca Loncnar, Tom Smolej, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of energy use and sector coupling in a local energy community using a model based on energy cost centres (ECCs), functional units for decentralised responsibility and optimisation of energy use within defined system boundaries. The ECC model enables structured identification and optimisation of energy and material flows in complex industrial and urban settings. It was applied to a case study involving an energy-intensive steel plant and its integration with the surrounding community. The study assessed the potential for renewable electricity production (7914 MWh annually), green hydrogen generation, battery storage, and the reuse of 11,440 MWh of excess heat. These measures could offset 9598 MWh of grid electricity through local production and savings, reduce natural gas use by 4,116,850 Nm3, and lower CO2 emissions by 10,984 tonnes per year. The model supports strategic planning by linking sectoral actions to measurable sustainability indicators. It is adaptable to data availability and stakeholder engagement, allowing both high-level overviews and detailed analysis of selected ECCs. Limitations include heterogeneous data sources, uneven stakeholder participation, and the need for refinement of sub-models. Nonetheless, the approach offers a replicable framework for integrated energy planning and supports the transition to sustainable, decentralised energy systems
Published in DiRROS: 24.09.2025; Views: 243; Downloads: 82
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967. Evaluating plant growth–defense trade-offs by modelingthe interaction between primary and secondary metabolismJan Zrimec, Sandra Correo, Maja Zagorščak, Marko Petek, Carissa Bleker, Katja Stare, Christian Schuy, Sophia Sonnewald, Kristina Gruden, Zoran Nikoloski, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind plant response to stress can enhancebreeding strategies and help us design crop varieties with improved stress tolerance,yield, and quality. To investigate resource redistribution from growth- to defense-relatedprocesses in an essential tuber crop, potato, here we generate a large-scale compartmen-talized genome-scale metabolic model (GEM), potato-GEM. Apart from a large-scalereconstruction of primary metabolism, the model includes the full known potato sec-ondary metabolism, spanning over 566 reactions that facilitate the biosynthesis of 182distinct potato secondary metabolites. Constraint-based modeling identifies that theactivation of the largest amount of secondary (defense) pathways occurs at a decreaseof the relative growth rate of potato leaf, due to the costs incurred by defense. We thenobtain transcriptomics data from experiments exposing potato leaves to two bioticstress scenarios, a herbivore and a viral pathogen, and apply them as constraints toproduce condition-specific models. We show that these models recapitulate experimen-tally observed decreases in relative growth rates under treatment as well as changes inmetabolite levels between treatments, enabling us to pinpoint the metabolic rewiringunderlying growth–defense trade-offs. Potato- GEM thus presents a useful resource tostudy and broaden our understanding of potato and general plant defense responsesunder stress conditions.
Keywords: systems biology, constraint-based metabolic modeling, growth-defence trade-offs, secondary metabolism
Published in DiRROS: 24.09.2025; Views: 326; Downloads: 128
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968. An energy community as a platform for local sector coupling : From complex modelling to simulation and implementationEdvard Košnjek, Boris Sučić, D. Kostić, Tom Smolej, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: his paper presents the reference architecture of a model for sustainable local planning and sector coupling based on an energy-community framework. The proposed approach includes four building blocks: (1) the data-acquisition building block - local energy consumption, (2) the building block for modelling and calculations - local energy conversions, (3) the building block for connecting the infrastructure status and needs with development plans of the energy-network operators and aggregators, and (4) the decision-support building block for local environmental, spatial and energy planning. The proposed approach was tested in a real industrial environment and a local community. Initial simulation results confirmed that excess heat from the energy-intensive company has the potential to replace the natural gas that is currently used for the production of heat in a local district-heating system. The natural gas savings in the district-heating system would be 3,299,676 Nm3, as the excess heat could cover as much as 68.4 % of the required heat for the local community. It has also been proven that complex modelling and simulation of a future sustainable solution can contribute to its optimization, understanding, and acceptance by all stakeholders and thereby increase the potential of the project's implementation.
Published in DiRROS: 24.09.2025; Views: 277; Downloads: 82
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969. The toll walk transit function of a graph: axiomatic characterizations and first-order non-definabilityManoj Changat, Jeny Jacob, Lekshmi Kamal K. Sheela, Iztok Peterin, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: A walk $W=w_1w_2\dots w_k$, $k\geq 2$, is called a toll walk if $w_1\neq w_k$ and $w_2(w_{k-1})$ are the only neighbors of $w_1(w_k)$ on $W$ in a graph $G$. A toll walk interval $T(u,v)$, $u,v\in V(G)$, contains all the vertices that belong to a toll walk between $u$ and $v$. The toll walk intervals yield a toll walk transit function $T:V(G)\times V(G)\rightarrow 2^{V(G)}$. We represent several axioms that characterize the toll walk transit function among chordal graphs, trees, asteroidal triple-free graphs, Ptolemaic graphs, and distance hereditary graphs. We also show that the toll walk transit function can not be described in the language of first-order logic for an arbitrary graph.
Keywords: toll walk, transit function, axioms, chordal graphs, AT-free graphs, Ptolemaic graphs, distance-hereditary graphs
Published in DiRROS: 24.09.2025; Views: 215; Downloads: 113
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